An Analysis Of John Steinbeck s The Chrysanthemums

Cynthia Gardner Richard Courtney ENG 1110 December 22, 2016 An Unsatisfied Life John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story about a woman named Elisa and her unhappiness with her life. She is a woman living in a man’s world in the late 1930’s. Elisa and her husband, Henry, are childless. She is confined to a lonely life where she cares for her husband, their farm house, and her precious chrysanthemums. Throughout the story Steinbeck indicates Elisa’s struggle as a woman who wants more out of her life and feels she is stuck in the role society has chosen for her. At the beginning of the story Elisa is tending to her chrysanthemums. Henry is speaking to two businessmen across the yard. It appears Elisa is interested in their interaction as she glances in their direction several times. When the two men leave, Henry walks over to Elisa and compliments her on her award winning chrysanthemums. The compliment brings out her pride as is shown in her facial expression. She puts a lot of her energy into her chrysanthemu ms. He then tells her that he wishes she could use her skills in the orchard to grow big apples. Hearing this, Elisa perks up at the idea of helping with the business of the orchard. She is smart and capable, and she is desperately looking for more fulfillment in her life. Unfortunately Henry quickly drops the subject as he wasn’t serious, the business of the orchard is man’s work. â€Å"Her interest in the business side of the ranch goes unnoticed, herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Chrysanthemums 1256 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Essay In â€Å"Chrysanthemums† john Steinbeck, the author, focuses on Elisa Allen, one of the main characters. She is presented as weak in that her daily activity consisted of tending her garden of chrysanthemums; Steinbeck focuses on how they provide insight into Elisa and how she relates to them, religiously. He implies that even though she fits a weak character, there are places in the narrative at the beginning that suggest some strong points and her longing towards the end. There areRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Chrysanthemums 1532 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s short story â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† shows a time when women are controlled and restrained to a traditional lifestyle. It portrays a struggle for equality that is played out through the eyes of the third person narrator. In telling the story, the narrator depicts the story through speech, actions and appearances of the main character, Elisa. Her place in the story is that in a w orld of masculinity during the times of the Great Depression and a fight to keep a bit of her happinessRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck982 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck. The story was originally published in 1937 before later being released as a part of his The Long Valley collection. This is an important story as it expresses women in a way that is more realistic, showing their true boredom, ambition, and capabilities. Some scholars interpreted this story differently, but C. Kenneth Pellow interprets it as â€Å"radically feministic.† The Great Depression was finally ending and women’s rights were risingRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Chrysanthemums1139 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Chrysanthemums The short story The Chrysanthemums gives insight into the life of its author. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. The locale of the story is of key resemblance to the Salinas in which Steinbeck was born and bread. Salinas was a typical American small town, [differing] only in location and a few distinctive features (McCarthy 3). The protagonist of this story, Elisa Allen, also resembles Steinbecks first wife. SteinbeckRead MoreSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums, one of John Steinbecks masterpieces, describes a lonely farmers wife, Elisa Allen. Elisa Allens physical appearance is very mannish yet still allows a hint of a feminine side to peek through. John Steinbeck brings symbolism into play to represent Elisa Allens frustrations and hidden passions. Isolation is another representation through symbolism found in The Chrysanthemums. Elisas failing detached marriage is representedRead More The Chrysanthemums Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s, The Chrysanthemums, was published in 1938 in a book of short stories, entitled The Long Valley. The Chrysanthemums has been a rather powerful draw for scholars because of its wide gap for interpretations and analysis of its main protagonist character, Elisa Allen and also the unique descriptions used to portray the deeper meaning behind the setting of the story. Themes of sexuality, oppression of women, as well as other numerous types of conflict portrayed in this rather somberRead MoreJohn Steinbeck2062 Words   |  9 Pagesminiature versions of books or novels, where an author takes a tale and crams it into a ten to twenty page story. John Steinbeck is not only a well-known novelist, but also writes short stories like â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"Flight†. In Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysthemums† Elisa Allen is married to a negligent ranch owner. While her husband works on the ranch, Elisa tends to her chrysanthemum garden daily. One day while tending to her garden, a charming tinker man pulls up to her in his wagon and tries toRead MoreEnglish All Semester 26504 Words   |  27 Pages| noun | literature that emphasizes a specific geographic area that reproduces the speech, behavior, and attitudes of the people who live in that region | sibilant | adjective | of, characterized by, or producing a hissing sound like that of (s) or (sh): | tableau | noun | a vivid or graphic description: The movie was a tableau of a soldiers life; a striking incidental scene, as of a picturesque group of people | tall-tale | noun | an outrageously exaggerated, humorous story that

Anastasio Somoza García, President of Nicaragua

Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a (Feb. 1, 1896–Sept. 29, 1956) was a Nicaraguan general, president, and dictator from 1936 to 1956. His administration, while being one of the most corrupt in history and brutal to dissidents, was nevertheless supported by the United States because it was viewed as anti-communist. Fast Facts: Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a Known For: Nicaraguan general, president, dictator, and founder of the Somoza Dynasty of NicaraguaBorn: Feb. 1, 1896 in San Marcos, NicaraguaParents: Anastasio Somoza Reyes and Julia Garcà ­aDied: Sept. 29, 1956 in Ancà ³n, Panama Canal ZoneEducation: Peirce School of Business Administration, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSpouse(s): Salvadora Debayle SacasaChildren: Luis Somoza Debayle, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Julio Somoza Debayle, Lilliam Somoza de Sevilla-Secasa Early Years and Family Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a was born on Feb. 1, 1986, in San Marcos, Nicaragua, as a member of the Nicaraguan upper-middle class. His father Anastasio Somoza Reyes served as a Conservative Party senator from the department of Carazo for eight years. In 1914, he was elected vice-secretary of the Senate. He was also a signer of the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty in 1916. His mother Julia Garcà ­a was from a wealthy family of coffee planters. At the age of 19, after a family scandal, Somoza Garcia was sent to live with relatives in Philadelphia, where he attended Peirce School of Business Administration (now Peirce College). In Philadelphia, Somoza met and courted Salvadora Debayle Sacas, who had a politically well-connected family that objected to the marriage. Nevertheless, in 1919 they married in Philadelphia in a civil ceremony. They had a Catholic ceremony in Leon Cathedral when they returned to Nicaragua. They returned to Nicaragua and had a formal Catholic wedding in Leà ³n Cathedral. While in Leà ³n, Anastasio tried and failed at running several businesses: automobile sales, boxing promoter, meter reader for an electric company, and inspector of latrines at the Rockefeller Foundations Sanitary Mission to Nicaragua. He even tried counterfeiting Nicaraguan currency and only avoided prison because of his family connections. U.S. Intervention in Nicaragua The United States became directly involved in Nicaraguan politics in 1909 when it supported a rebellion against President Jose Santos Zelaya, who had long been an opponent of U.S. policies in the area. In 1912, the United States sent Marines to Nicaragua to bolster the conservative government. The Marines remained until 1925 and as soon as they left, liberal factions went to war against the conservatives. The Marines returned after only nine months away and stayed until 1933. Beginning in 1927, renegade general Augusto Cà ©sar Sandino led a revolt against the government, which lasted until 1933. Somoza and the Americans Somoza had gotten involved in the presidential campaign of Juan Batista Sacasa, his wife’s uncle. Sacasa had been vice president under a previous administration, which had been overthrown in 1925, but in 1926 he returned to press his claim as the  legitimate president. As the different factions fought, the U.S. was forced to step in and negotiate a settlement. Somoza, with his perfect English and insider’s position in the fracas, proved invaluable to the Americans. When Sacasa finally reached the presidency in 1933, the American ambassador persuaded him to name Somoza head of the National Guard. The National Guard and Sandino The National Guard had been established as a militia, trained and equipped by the U.S. Marines. It was meant to keep in check the armies raised by the liberals and conservatives in their endless skirmishing over control of the country. In 1933 when Somoza took over as head of the National Guard, only one rogue army remained: that of Augusto Cà ©sar Sandino, a liberal who had been fighting since 1927. Sandino’s biggest issue was the presence of American marines in Nicaragua, and when they left in 1933, he finally agreed to negotiate a truce. He agreed to lay down his arms, provided that his men be given land and amnesty. Somoza still saw Sandino as a threat, so in early 1934 he arranged to have Sandino captured. On February 21, 1934, Sandino was executed by the National Guard. Shortly thereafter, Somoza’s men raided the lands that had been given to Sandino’s men after the peace settlement, slaughtering the former guerillas. In 1961, leftist rebels in Nicaragua established the National Liberation Front: in 1963 they added â€Å"Sandinista† to the name, assuming his name in their struggle against the Somoza regime, by then being led by Luà ­s Somoza Debayle and his brother Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a’s two sons. Somoza Seizes Power President Sacasa’s administration was severely weakened in 1934–1935. The Great Depression had spread to Nicaragua and the people were unhappy. In addition, there were many allegations of corruption against him and his government. In 1936, Somoza, whose power had been growing, took advantage of Sacasa’s vulnerability and forced him to resign, replacing him with Carlos Alberto Brenes, a Liberal Party politician who mostly answered to Somoza. Somoza himself was elected in a crooked election, assuming the presidency on January 1, 1937. This began the period of Somoza rule in the country that would not end until 1979. Somoza quickly acted to set himself up as dictator. He took away any sort of real power of the opposition parties, leaving them only for show. He cracked down on the press. He moved to improve ties to the United States, and after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 he declared war on the Axis powers even before the United States did. Somoza also filled every important office in the nation with his family and cronies. Before long, he was in absolute control of Nicaragua. Height of Power Somoza remained in power until 1956. He stepped down briefly from the presidency from 1947–1950, bowing to pressure from the United States, but continued to rule through a series of puppet presidents, usually family. During this time, he had the complete support of the United States government. In the early 1950s, once again president, Somoza continued to build his empire, adding an airline, a shipping company, and several factories to his holdings. In 1954, he survived a coup attempt and also sent forces to Guatemala to help the CIA overthrow the government there. Death and Legacy On September 21, 1956, Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a was shot in the chest by young poet and musician Rigoberto Là ³pez Pà ©rez at a party in the city of Leà ³n. Là ³pez was instantly brought down by Somoza bodyguards, but the president’s wounds would prove fatal on September 29. Là ³pez would eventually be named a national hero by the Sandinista government. Upon his death, Somoza’s eldest son Luà ­s Somoza Debayle took over, continuing the dynasty his father had established. The Somoza regime would continue through Luà ­s Somoza Debayle (1956–1967) and his brother Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1967–1979) before being overthrown by the Sandinista rebels. Part of the reason that the Somozas were able to retain power for so long was the support of the U.S. government, which saw them as anti-communist. Franklin Roosevelt allegedly once said of him: â€Å"Somoza may be a son-of-a-bitch, but he’s our son-of-a-bitch.† There is little direct proof of this quote. The Somoza regime was extremely crooked. With his friends and family in every important office, Somozas greed ran unchecked. The government seized profitable farms and industries and then sold them to family members at absurdly low rates. Somoza named himself director of the railway system  and then used it to move his goods and crops at no charge to himself. Those industries that they could not personally exploit, such as mining and timber, they leased to foreign (mostly U.S.) companies for a healthy share of the profits. He and his family made untold millions of dollars. His two sons continued this level of corruption, making Somoza Nicaragua one of the most crooked countries in the history of Latin America. This sort of corruption had a lasting effect on the economy, stifling it and contributing to Nicaragua as a somewhat backward country for a long time. Sources Editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Anastasio Somoza: President of Nicaragua. Encyclopedia Britannica, January 28, 2019.Editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Somoza Family. Encyclopedia Britannica, August 24, 2012.La Botz, Dan. The Somoza Dynastic Dictatorship (1936–75). What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution, A Marxist Analysis, p. 74–75. Brill, 2016.  Merrill, Tim L. (ed.) Nicaragua: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, U.S. Library of Congress, 1994.Otis, John. Dictators daughter wants UPI, April 2, 1992.Walter, Knut. The Regime of Anastasio Somoza, 1936–1956. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993.

Inventor Lloyd Ray Improving Dustpans

African-American inventor Lloyd Ray (born in 1860) patented a new and useful improvement in dustpans. Very little is known about the background and life of Lloyd Ray, but it is clear that he had the ability to think outside of the box to solve problems. In this case, the problem was twofold—cleaning became a very dirty activity if you had to slave away on your hands and knees and also, it was difficult to manage and collect the actual dirt. Building a Better Dustpan The most important aspect of Ray’s design was that it solved both problems. The long handle made it a lot cleaner and simpler to clean, and the steel collection box meant that trash could be scooped up without the need to throw away garbage every few minutes. Rays dustpan received a patent on August 3, 1897. Unlike the original types of dustpans, Rays industrial version added on a handle that allowed a person to sweep trash into the pan without dirtying their hands. The handle addition was made out of wood, while the collection plate on the dustpan was metal. Rays patent for his dustpan was only the 165th patent to be issued in the United States. Ray’s idea became a template for many other designs. It really hasn’t changed in nearly 130 years and is most notably the foundation for modern pooper scoopers, favored by pet owners the world over.

The, The Irresistible Pull Of Irrational Behavior, By Ori...

Have you ever made a decision and later completely wonder why it is you made that decision? â€Å"Sway The Irresistible Pull of Irrational Behavior† by Ori Brafman and Rom Brafman examine moments of our lives where we could easily be swayed. The Brafmans discuss topics like commitment and value attribution. With examples of what attracts us into making a bad decision. The brilliant authors make it easy to understand the analyzations of the situations. Where there is a possibility of being swayed. With proper analyzation we can prevent these situations from taking place again. Almost everyone has made a decision we misunderstand and behind that decision is an irresistible pull of irrational behavior. No one is perfect, and no one can avoid being swayed into an irrational situation, not even me. Commitment can be tricky sometimes. Especially when the thing you are committing to ends up resulting in a loss instead of a gain. The Brafmans captured the feeling of the moment when you have lost. â€Å"At this point it becomes clear to each of the participants that he or she isn’t the only one with the brilliant idea of winning the twenty bucks for cheap. There is a collective hard swallow† (31). The worst is when you’re taking on a loss of an idea so heavily believed in. I ended up switching majors because of constant loss of creativity. My initial major was graphic design. I started designing since my freshman year of high school. It was a way for me to blow off some steam and express

Socrates Apology Of Plato s Apology - 981 Words

Part I: Essay Outline Question #2 At 23b of Plato s Apology Socrates claims to be wiser than his interlocutors because, unlike them, he does not think he knows what he does not know. Question: Is this self-assessment genuinely meaningful or is it merely clever word play? Thesis Statement: I think Socrates’ message behind his speech to his interlocutors was to both state his superior wisdom and gain the attention while doing so. Outline I. Introduction A. Opening Statement 1. What is wisdom? 2. Wisdom vs. foolishness B. Bridge 1. Socrates’ speech displays his determination to explain the foolishness of his interlocutors. 2. Quote At 21d Socrates says: †¦when I do not know, neither do I think I know; so I am likely to be wiser than he to this small extent, that I do not think I know what I do not know. (Plato, 23) C. Thesis Statement II. Socrates elaborates the need of asking questions to gain more knowledge. A. What does Socrates mean when he proclaims his obliviousness in this manner? 1. Positively he implies this: he understands that he has more to learn. This is a typical elucidation of this thought, and likely the one the vast majority have. 2. He is additionally alluding to the constrained way of human knowing as he says; all human knowledge is useless, nothing, at the end of the day, uncertain. Indeed, even in their best operation, notwithstanding with respect to those convictions for which we have the best reasons, and invested the most energyShow MoreRelatedPlato s The Apology Of Socrates874 Words   |  4 PagesIn Plato s â€Å"The Apology of Socrates†, Socrates states, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† and he would rather be put to death them stop his practice of philosophy (The Apology). In this writing, Socrates is charged with not accepting the gods recognized by the state, devising new gods, and corrupting the youth of Athens. However, the word apology in the title is not our modern English interpretation of the word. The name of the speech stems from the Greek word apologia, which translatesRead MorePlato s Apology Questions On Socrates1104 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 04, 2017 Plato’s Apology Questions 01) Socrates says he faces two groups of accusers or accusations What/who are these? Socrates faces old accusers who for years have accused him of things he has not done. Socrates fears these accusers but he believes that they are not the worst of them. Socrates believes the far more dangerous accusers are the ones who have grown up as children in these falsehood beliefs and have these views embed in their minds. Socrates was accused of corrupting theRead MoreThe Apology : Plato s Version Of What Socrates865 Words   |  4 PagesThe Apology is Plato’s version of what Socrates said in the court when facing a public prosecution against the charges of not believing in the city’s gods and corrupting the youths of the city, Athens. He lived during the time of Peloponnesian War, in which Athens was defeated by the hands of Sparta. The term â€Å"Apology† is a greek word that means to defense, in the book, Socrates defense his actions and beliefs. From the book, it seems that Socrates led a simple life, kept a distance the politicianRead MoreThe Apo logy Is Plato s Retelling Of Socrates s Trail1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe Apology is Plato’s retelling of Socrates’s trail. Within his account, he portrays Socrates as a confident, but almost haughty, and reasonable man. The main philosophical themes that Plato presents through Socrates are wisdom, justice, and his purpose in the community. Socrates is at this trial because he has been accused of two things: 1) â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying things in the sky and below the earth; he makes the worse into the stronger argument, andRead MoreLessons Learned From Socrates Plato s The Apology 1453 Words   |  6 PagesThree Lessons Learned From Socrates (Three Points Learned From Socrates in Plato’s â€Å"The Apology†) In the year of 399 BCE, the philosopher Socrates was put on trial for two things, being an atheist and corrupting the youth. Both of these charges were because of false accusations of people who were insulted by Socrates’ intelligence. Socrates’ argument or defense against the charges while he is on trial is written by Plato, Socrates’ student, as â€Å"The Apology.† During Socrates’ trial, he argued that heRead MoreSocrates Defense Against The Criticism Of Plato s Apology2077 Words   |  9 PagesAfter the introductory remarks, Plato’s Apology continues with Socrates’ defense against the â€Å"First Accusations,† because his accusers are many, and of all ages: the older accusers have persuaded the youth to speak and think badly of Socrates, and given that they were at an age of influence, the lesson stuck. The old accusations that Socrates has to address first and foremost are: â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying things in the sky and below the earth; he makesRead MoreAnalysis of Socrates in Aristhphane ´s Clouds and Plato ´s Apology1081 Words   |  5 Pages Socrates was a pompous man who believed that he was wiser than most, if not all, Athenian men of his time. He is also credited as one of the fathers of western philosophy, his own philosophy revolving around the welfare of one’s soul and reflecting on what the good life was. He was told by an oracle that he was the wisest of men and spent a great deal of time trying to prove it false, he decided that he was considered wise for accepting that he knew nothing, and never claimed to know anything thatRead MoreThe Four Texts On Socrates By Plato And Aristophanes Looks At Plato s Works, Euthyphro, Apology, Essay1935 Words   |  8 PagesEmily DePasquale Philosophy 103 Monday,Wednesday,Friday 9A.M. Professor Nichols September 30th, 2016 Journal One: Euthyphro, Apology, Crito I. 1. The Four Texts On Socrates by Plato and Aristophanes looks at Plato’s works, Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito. Plato’s works fall under the genre of philosophical dialogue presented in a context similar to that of dramatic monologues. Although Plato’s works are based in historical context, the works are less historical fiction, and more of a dramaticRead MorePlato s Apology And The Apology1591 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will discuss how Plato s Apology and Phaedo have difference ideas of what it means to be a philosopher. I will explain how in the Apology, the philosopher is wise in how he/she understand that they are wise because they know that they don t know, and in Phadeo the philosopher knowledgable and are concern in gaining more knowledge. In Plato s Apology we learn about Socrates life and who he really is. In platos Apology a philosopher is a wise person because he understands thatRead MoreWhat Are The Charges Against Socrates?1019 Words   |  5 Pagesthe charges against Socrates as recorded in the Apology. Is he guilty of them? Why or why not? The Apology is assumed to be the most realistic account that has been conserved of Socrates defense of himself as it was presented before the Athenian Council. It is in essential agreement with the references to the trial that occur in Plato s other dialogs. We may determine that Apology is not written by Socrates and only contains the words of Socrates that were memorized by Plato, since he was present

Lines, Vines, and Trying Times by The Jonas Brothers free essay sample

In the beginning my friends told me that the Jonas Brothers stink. And I listened to them. In order for me to be popular, I had to dislike the Jonas Brothers, because I just wanted to be popular. Then one year later I heard their single Year 3000 and I loved it. So I started listening to more of their songs and I liked every single one. At first I tried hiding the fact that I liked the Jonas Brothers, but Ive gotten tired of it. I told my stuck up friends that I loved the Jonas Brothers. And you cant tell me what I can and can not like. If you dont want to be my friend just because I liked the Jonas Brothers, then youre not a real friend. So I made other friends that liked the Jonas Brothers and you know what, they were real friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Lines, Vines, and Trying Times by The Jonas Brothers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They didnt care about the fact that I also liked classical music, because most kids dont like classical music. The Jonas Brothers will continue to be my heroes/idols until the end of time. I will always like them because they always stay true to family, fans, and music. If I ever met them I would tell them that theyre my heroes and I love them. They inspired me to write songs and music. And if it wasnt for them I wouldnt have found my destiny. Music is my life and passion, and I will never give that up. I like each of them in a different way. I like Nick because hes sweet and sensitive. I like Joe because hes adventurous. And I like Kevin because hes funny and romantic. I will always love you Nick, Joe, and Kevin Love your biggest fan: Cheyenne

Communication Technology and True Real GDP †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication Technology and True Real GDP. Answer: Introduction In a globalized world, nations become increasingly interrelated with each other. Interaction among nations is not only in terms of visible trade but also in terms of invisible trade that is trade of services. The relation becomes stronger when countries make investment in each other market, loan give abroad and capital repayment. The cross border transaction and hence international relationship becomes an integral part of globe. National generally benefitted from transaction take place on international platform. In the process, the dependency among nations increases especially for small nations. The small here not only points to the geographical size but to the economic power. The greater economic power a country has, the more it has impact on other nations. One such economy having considerable global power is USA. The single nation has control over many nations, comparatively small sized. USA and Australia are two nations sharing a strong economic relation. They traded goods and services and invests significant amount on each other market. However, Australia is comparatively small size as compared to USA. For this reason, many commentators opine that USA can have large impact on Australian economy. When real GDP in USA changes then there are possibilities that is causes an expansion and contraction of Australian economy. Many related factors here needs to be considered such as trend in et export, movement if exchange rate or interest rate. The report examines this assertion in light of economic theories and historical data. Defining economic relation; USA and Australia There are many large economic players impacting on global scenario through their fiscal, monetary and international monetary framework. United States of America and Australia are two such nations that are two dominating player in the international world. Apart from their impact on other nations these two nations share political shared political and socio economic relation with each other. Goods and services are traded and there are both way flows of funds between nations. The international relationship established between the nations went on stronger day by day signifying an economic dependence (Dowding and Martin 2017). USA ranks fourth in the list of Australias importers. Goods from Australia overflow Australia market and contribute to job growth in Australia. In return, Australia also imported considerable amount of goods and services from USA. This shows the mutually beneficial trade relation between the USA and Australia. The bilateral trade agreement between USA and Australia t hat came into effect on 2005 strengthen the relationship between nations. USA always maintains a positive trade balance in trade with Australia. USA is second largest importer of Australia. The trade agreement removes all the trade barriers such as tariff, quota and other restrictions. Therefore, all the hurdles of trade between nations eliminated further strengthening the trade relation. The FDI from USA to Australia has significant impact on Australias economy. The funds flow from Australia to abroad the largest share is acquired by USA. The productive investments positively contribute to growth and prosperity of both the nations. Australia has a favorable business environment attracting foreign funds. US firms operate in Australia for over 100 years and generate jobs for many Australian (Mukulu, Hettihewa and Wright 2014). International trade relation and resulted dependency is an interesting area of research. The above section shoes relation between Australia and USA in Terms of visible and invisible trade and relation and capital investment. The friendly relation between the nations is one reason for assuming the dependency on each other. USA, for its relatively large size of the economy influences many economies. The growing trade and investment relation is suggests an obvious dependence between the nations. This belier resulted in an ongoing debate. There are one group of commentators believing that international relation exits in terms of economic dependence. Hence, when GDP of USA changes is causes a change in economy of Australia causing expansion or contraction of the economy. However, many do not believe that. GDP of a nation depend on a number of factors. Therefore, considering only GDP as an indicator of dependence does not got give right assertion. Flow of investment, net export, movement of exchange rate and interest rate are factors that need to be considered. Historical data for a significantly long period are considered for evaluation. Real GDP Analysis; Australia and USA Real GDP resents values of final goods and services using market values of a fixed base year(Bernanke, Antonovics and Frank 2015). GDP for USA and Australia are considered for the period 1985 to 2016. The similarity in GDP movement indicates a relationship between nations. However, as there are several factors influencing GDP no firm conclusion can be made from this analysis (Welfens and Perret 2014). This is only a starting point if the analysis. The above figure shows some similarity in GDP movement between USA and Australia. The GDP in USA is higher than Australia over the entire period. The intensity of fluctuation is grater for USA than that for Australia. In 1991, GDP of both the nation declined from the previous year. The grow rate in USA was -3% to -4% while that in Australia was -1% to -2% (Lindert and Williamson 2016). GDP in Australia peaked up to 3% in 1997 in Australia. I the corresponding year USA also experiences a high growth rate where growth rate exceeds 5% . Again in 2000-2002 growth rate of both the nations falls and accounted growth rat almost same for both the nations. The accounted growth rate during this time is just below 0%. The similar growth trend is observed in 2003-2004. During 2008, USA experienced great recession that affects the GDP and GDP in USA fell to -8% to 9%. Australia in this time also faced a negative rate of growth. However, the growth rate is not that much lower than USA. The growth rate in Australia in that year was between 0 to -1% (Abdullah 2017). Therefore, analysis of GDP indicates some common point of fluctuation. Every year United States made major investment go to in Australia. Australia received significant investment assistance from USA. The share of investment grows overtime. Investment in an economy is an important determinant of growth and productivity (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley 2015). Therefore, major share of USAs investment shows Australia growth dependence on Australia. In the list of countries where Australia invests United states is in the top position. The large size and economic power of United States attract foreign funds in USA. Australia Foreign investment is determined by the prevailing interest rate in the economy. A high and stable interest rate attracts foreign funds in the domestic country. It ensures a stable return to the invested assets. Higher the internal stability in the economy greater is the securities of the funds invested in the nation (Rousseau and Wachtel 2017). The interest dynamics are shown in the following figure Interest rate of both the nation has undergone with fluctuation in different periods. However, interest rate is higher in USA that that in Australia and it remains higher overtime. The high interest rate in Australia attracts more funds (Summers 2014.). However, viewing the benefits from relation with a powerful nation countries make investment in USA and hence, USA received foreign funds. Net export and exchange rate Year Export Import Net Export 1985 5,440.40 2,836.30 2,604.10 1986 5,551.10 2,627.70 2,923.40 1987 5,494.80 3,005.50 2,489.30 1988 6,972.90 3,541.40 3,431.50 1989 8,331.30 3,872.90 4,458.40 1990 8,537.70 4,446.60 4,091.10 1991 8,403.80 3,988.00 4,415.80 1992 8,875.90 3,687.60 5,188.30 1993 8,276.70 3,297.30 4,979.40 1994 9,780.60 3,202.10 6,578.50 1995 10,789.10 3,323.00 7,466.10 1996 12,008.40 3,868.90 8,139.50 1997 12,062.90 4,602.30 7,460.60 1998 11,917.50 5,387.00 6,530.50 1999 11,818.30 5,280.10 6,538.20 2000 12,482.40 6,438.00 6,044.40 2001 10,930.50 6,477.80 4,452.70 2002 13,084.90 6,478.80 6,606.10 2003 13,087.60 6,413.70 6,673.90 2004 13,957.90 7,545.50 6,412.40 2005 15,588.50 7,342.20 8,246.30 2006 17,545.70 8,204.00 9,341.70 2007 19,178.20 8,615.00 10,563.20 2008 22,218.60 10,588.80 11,629.80 2009 19,599.30 8,011.50 11,587.80 2010 21,804.60 8,582.90 13,221.70 2011 27,626.20 10,242.90 17,383.30 2012 31,161.40 9,566.80 21,594.60 2013 26,123.70 9,272.60 16,851.10 2014 26,681.70 10,697.30 15,984.40 2015 25,034.10 10,883.50 14,150.60 2016 22,159.70 9,509.90 12,649.80 (Source: state.gov 2017 ) The above table represents trade dynamics between USA and Australia. The export , import and trade balances are expressed. USA maintains a positive trade balance. The export from USA is greater than that it import from Australia. The growth rate of export is higher than the growth rate of import. The volume of export in 1985 was 5440.40 that becomes 22, 159.70 in 2016. The import on the other hand boosted at a significantly slower pace (Rachel and Smith 2015). Import volume in 1985 was 2836.30 while that become only 9509.90 in 2016. As a result, the trade balance grows at a faster pace. Net export grows from 2,604.10 to 12,649.80 in between 1985 to 2016. The related aspect of trade is the movement of exchange rate. An increase in exchange rate means depreciation of domestic currency. In this time importing from other countries become expensive while export grows as the goods of the concerned countries seem cheaper to foreign countries. A decrease in the exchange rate means appreciation of the domestic currencies (Giljum et al. 2014). During this time, import grows as import becomes cheaper and export slows down as goods becomes dearer fir the foreigners. The exchange rate determines the trade volume largely. Above figure explains movement if exchange rate of US dollar in respect of Australian dollar. The exchange rates of US dollar against the Australian dollar more or less goes down. This means a depreciation of US dollar, which encourages export from USA to Australia (Tukker et al. 2014). This provides support to the fact that export from USA to Australia increases overtime. Great recession in USA and its impact on Australia If there are strong relation between Australia and USA and string interdependence then the great recession that intensively affect USA should have similar kind of impact on Australian economy as well. The great recession in Australia took place in 2008 due to sub-prime mortgage and crisis in the housing market (Apergis 2014). Because of a low and volatile interest rate the bubbles build in the housing market suddenly burst affecting USA economy on a broad spectrum. The large size of USA economy makes the crisis to trickle down to other nations as well. Housing price goes down in USA during this time (Hansen 2015). The economy of Australia escapes from this recession on a surprising manner. The housing market is Australia remain stable. Interest rate in Australia did not constitute and sudden downfall. In the housing market of USA and other contemporary nations, inflation adjusted prices went up (Reboredo, Rivera-Castro and Zebende 2014). While Australia had showed an upward trend in housing prices as contrasting to other nation and the general assertion. There is no change major change in Australias performance trend. One factor is that apart from USA, Australia builds is international relationship with other nations as well (Ball 2014). There are trade relation and investment relation among Australia and other nations. This helps the nation to mitigate risk generated from USA recession. When a nation engaged in multilateral trade relation then the vulnerability to shock to any one trading partners automatically reduces. Additionally, Australia grows stronger overtime. Different sectors of the economy are now performing well and hence provide security to the growth and development of the nation (Yilmazer, Babiarz and Liu 2015). The financial sector of Australia is one such sector that shows outstanding performance and rescues the economy from shocks and recession occurred in USA. Conclusion The report critically evaluates the relation between USA and Australia. Relation builds on international platform has implication for growth and development of a nation. The interrelation often implies when country is in growing or declining phase of growth then related nations are affected from this. One such assertion is made about relation between Australia and USA. The belief here is that the Real GDP movement in USA causes expansion or contraction of Australia economy. In order to validate the statement, historical data on real GDP for both the nation are first considered. From the analysis there turn out some common fluctuation point between USA and Australia. However, the common points are not enough for drawing any conclusion. Foreign investment flows from both the nations are next indicators to be considered. The statistics shows that USA is the major investors of Australia. Similarly, Australia also invests as much as possible in USA. In fact, the lion share of Australia fu nd is invested in USA. Related aspect of investment is the dynamics of interest rate. Interest rate in Australia is higher and less volatile attracting foreign funds for the economy. The trade volume between USA and Australia rises overtime and USA maintains a positive trade balance. The exchange rate movement between US dollar and Australian dollar though volatile but decreasing in nature, raising the export flow from USA to Australia. Finally, the impact of great recession in USA on Australian economy is analyzed. The effect of great recession in USA has an ambiguous impact of Australia. Therefore, the claim cannot be completely supported and the relation dynamics remains versatile. References Abdullah, A.B.M., 2017. Introduction. InManaging the Psychological Contract(pp. 1-22). Springer International Publishing. Apergis, N., 2014. Can gold prices forecast the Australian dollar movements?.International Review of Economics Finance,29, pp.75-82. Ball, L.M., 2014.Long-term damage from the Great Recession in OECD countries(No. w20185). National Bureau of Economic Research. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K. and Frank, R., 2015.Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Data.worldbank.org. (2017).Real interest rate (%) | Data. 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