'Discuss the importance of Roman construction\r'

' roman architecture is a fusion of Etruscan elements and traditional Greek. Horizontal beams argon support by columns and arches atomic number 18 unquestionable. The arch is further developed into dome. The basic building materials are st integritys, highly expensive stain and developed concrete. Colorful chips of stone gusset into the cementum are widely in vogue. iodin can see in Roman homes wall painting decorating floors, grottoes in geometric and pictorial targets, on walls. contrary regional tastes, choice of the patrons dominates the scene of Roman Architecture.It goes to the acknowledgement of Roman Engineering that concrete for building practices is espo call The style relating to contriveing and construction of the domes, can even be seen in North America and throughout Europe. The finest example of Roman Architecture is the Roman Colosseum, the known amphitheatre in the world. It is likewise known as Amphitheatrum Flavium, by and by the dynasty of Flavian. â€Å"Construction was initiated by the emperor moth Vespasian some 72 AD. His son Titus reigned over its completion and the formalized opening ceremonies, about 8 years later, in 80 AD.The huge theater was originally strengthened encompassing four floors. The foremost three had arching entrances, while the fourth floor utilized rectangular doorways. The floors each measured between 10, 5-13, 9 meters (32-42 feet) in height. The total height of the construction was approximately 48 meters (144 feet). The arena measured 79 x 45 meters (237-135 feet), and consisted of wood and sand. Nets along the sides harbored the audience. ” (The Colosseum ) The spectator qualification is between 45,000-55,000. Travertine is outside, and tufa and brick in the interior.Each marble stymy utilize for the main(prenominal) pedestal weighs 11,000 pounds. They are held unitedly by metal pins. Later mortar is used, when thieves distinguish to remove the metal pins. The total amount of m arble devolved in the construction is approximately 100,000 cubic metes. The numbers of entrances are 80, 76 for the general spectators and 4 for the VIPs and the gladiators. For the audience, the first row is throne-types seat with backs. These are also the seat of honor. Women, when permitted to attend the programs, sit in a order section.Upper diazomata seats are reserved for foreigners. The architectural design is so imaginative and great from the point of survey of light that no artificial lighting is necessary, as the performances are held during the day. Sound effects are, however, used. The Pantheon-temple of all Gods: check t Michelangelo, Pantheon is â€Å"angelic and not human design. ” The fall in Pantheon is about 1900 years old . some legends incur regarding the earlier structures of Pantheon. This is planned and knowing by Hadrian, in 120 AD.â€Å"His plans called for a structure with three main dissolves: a pronaos or entrance portico, a circular do med rotunda or vault, and a alliance between the two. The rotundas internal geometry would create a pure(a) sphere, since the height of the rotunda to the top of its dome would match its diam: 142 feet (43. 30 m). At its top, the dome would bear an center or eye, a circular opening, with a diam of 27 feet (8. 2m), as its only light source. ” (Parkerâ€) legion(predicate) imaginative and spiritual ideas are experimented on the design of this structure. This is conceived to be the sanctuary of all Gods.Timber forms layered with pozzolana cement are used in the foundation of the structure. This cement is made by grinding together caustic lime and a volcanic product of Italy. The structure is back up by 16 gray granite columns. Each is 39 feet (11. 8 m) steep, five feet (1. 5 m) in diameter, and 60 tons in weight. The dome is constructed in tapering course. The domicile is 20 feet and thinnest at the oculus, 7. 5 feet. Pantheon is one of the marvels of the engineerin g attainment, as this structure, with the awesome dome span, construct on marshy land, is still perfect after the lapse of 2000 years.â€Å"The technical details are as under: Built: 120-126 AD under Emperor Hadrian, Foundation: 24′ thickly at base and steps to 21′ at ground level, Rotunda: concrete, 20′ thick; 142′ diameter, Oculus: concrete: 7. 5′ thick; 27′ diameter, Interior Columns: 3′ diameter, 29′ tall topped with a Corinthian capital, of 4′ totaling 32′ 9″ tall, 25 tons each, Portico: 16 granite columns 39′ tall, 5′ diameter, 60 tons each. ” (Parkerâ€) Other Roman Engineering skills to improve the lifestyles: Roman aqueduct at Segovia: water system supply to the entire city of Rome is do through using a system of 4=640 kilometers of aqueducts.The aqueduct at Segovia in Spain is one such conception of the engineering skill of Romans. The system stands the test of time. Many roads in W estern Europe reinforced with Roman engineering skills are still in use. The baths at Bath, England are used now also. The churches, palaces and lighthouses built by Romans are currently in use. The Hadrian’s Wall built in an inhospitable region of England is an engineering marvel. It is 117 kilometers long and in some areas, 6 meters high and 3 meters thick.This wall is built to protect soldiers from the onslaught of wind and cold. The forts can hold up to 1000 men. The facilities like washrooms and toilets are adequate. The wall has stood the test of time, though poorly maintained, and the precious marble part of it are removed and utilized for private use by the unscrupulous farmers. Roman houses for the rich are single-story houses, built around an atrium. â€Å"Beyond an atrium was a insurgent open courtyard known as a peristylum. This area included a garden and it also had rooms opening up off of it.In the homes of the wealthy, the gardens served as a meeting point so they were designed to be shady and comfortable so that commonwealth could meet in them regardless of whether the sun was fierce. ” (Roman) unrivalled of the famous houses where Roman mosaic has been extensively used is Fishbourne Palace in West Sussex. A erratic under floor heating known as hypocaust is used to keep the houses warm. Architecture and the Engineering skill to execute a perfect project are alternative beats of the same heartâ€and Romans have many standing witnesses to prove this point.\r\n'