'Microbiology Chapter 1 Study Guide\r'

'Chapter 1 Notes * Robert Hooke * detect cadreulae (Cells) * form Basis of Cell theory * 1. Cell basic unit of life * 2. any living organisms are made of cubicles * 3. mustiness postulate living cells to make more than cells * Anton Von Leeuwenhoek * Father microbiology & microscopy * Discovered microorganisms (animalcules) * Dis proved microorganisms were enlightenment sent * Put clean sphere out during rainstorm & no microorganism * Let sit * Days afterward microorganisms formed from air * Ferdinand Cohn Discovered endospores (enable slightly bacteria to survive adverse environmental conditions) * Why harvest-feast occurred in experiments that disproved/proved SG * Louis Pasteur * Definitive experiment that disproved SG * Fermentation * pasteurisation: heat up liquid to temp. that kills the most heat resistant pathogen but NOT completely (milk) * Vaccination against Rabies (Rhabdo virus), anthrax (bacillusanthracis), grumbler Cholera (bacterium) * Silkworm i ndustry * infirmity (protozoan) was killing silk moths * Developed a system to detect unsoundnessd moths and separate * brothel keeper Mary Montagu * Wife British embassador to Turkey * Developed Smallpox find Turkish women engrafting * Spread mild baseborn pox to other by injecting into their veins * patient would then be immune to variola major * Reject be make up she was woman & not doctor/scientist * Carl Linnaeus * Developed science of taxonomy * scientific Nomenclature * Binomial nomenclature * act upon of giving all organisms 2 scientific names * Genus species * Edward Jenner * Discovered process of vaccination * Worked with variola vaccina & milkmaids * Milk cowpox scrap pustal scratch skin w/ needle develop mild cowpox immune to smallpox * seat snowfall * First epidemiologist Traced Cholera epidemic to mutual H2O pump that was contaminated * Ignaz Semmelweis * puerperal Fever (child bed fever) major amaze of fatality rate to mothers and infants * De ath in midwife ward = low ; death in doctor/med student ward = blue * Doctors/med students contact w/ cadavers that previously died from sickness * Spread disease to living mothers * needful hand washing with chlorite of lime * Joseph middle buster * Concerned with incidence of infection and mortality from surgery * Aseptic Surgery = utilize carbolic acid (phenol) on incision site, instruments, and bandages * John Tyndall Boiling was not sufficient to sterilize broths and agar * Tyndallization Process: * smooth is het to boiling (100°C) allowed to sit and nerveless for 24hours * Liquid is reheated to boiling (100°C) and then allow to cool and sit for another 24 hours * copy * Robert Koch * Developed concept of causative promoter of disease (MO cause disease) * Germ Theory of Disease †developed many microbiological techniques, media and procedures * Tuberculin †theory founded vaccine (incorrect) .. use as frontmost step to determine if person has TB * Fa nny Hesse * Worked for Robert Koch Used Agar to transmute liquid brother to slid medium * Koch’s Postulates (Identifying which bacteria causes which disease) * MO must be present in every expression of the disease. Every server must have the same signs and symptoms of the disease * Isolate the microorganism and grow it in pure shade outside the host * Pure elaboration must be inoculated into a well-informed susceptible host. Experimentally infected host must exhibit the same signs and symptoms of the disease * The Microorganism must be reisolated from the by experimentation infected host and shown to be like to the original MO * Paul Ehrlich opinion chemotherapy * Syphilis †Treponema palladium * Compound 606-Salvarsan (Arsenic containing compound) * horse parsley Fleming * Accidently discovered antibiotics * Antibiotics = naturally produced compounds that inhibit the growth of other MOs * Working with Staphylococcus aureus (opportunistic pathogen- must be proper conditions to cause infection) * intimately antibiotics produced by bacteria, followed by fungi * Martinus Beijerinck * notion of Viruses * Soil microorganisms-isolated the first soil MOs * Sergei Winogradsky * second metabolism by microorganisms * Concept of due north fixation * Biochemical cycles Symbiotic relationships * Barbara McClintock * Transposons †cause Maize (jumping genes- genes move themselves and create diametrical color kernals) * James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins * Structure of deoxyribonucleic acid * molecular biology and genetics * doubting Thomas Brock * Thermophilic microorganisms (high temperature loving microorganisms) * Thermus and Sulfolobus * Lynn Margulis * Endosymbiont Theory * Big procaryotic cell engulfs little prokaryotic cell * lower-ranking survives insides but loses many functions (energy conversion, protein synthesis) * Little becomes mitochondria or chloroplast Eukaryotic Cell evolved * Carl B. Woese * Molecular systematic based on 16sRNA * better ability to identify MO * Stanley Prusinier * Discovered Prions * Protenaous Infectious Particles * Luc Montagnier * Discovered human immunodeficiency virus * Barry Marshall and Robin Warren * precipitating(prenominal) agent of gastric & peptic ulcers * MO colonize in fend for * Disbelieved b. c stomach is so acidulous and has enzymes * Antibiotics cure ulcers * Demonstrated effect pharmaceutic industry & practice of gastroenterology against 2 men\r\n'