Triangle Fire 1911 Essay -- essays research papers fc

The trigon pom-pom of 1911     Near closing time on Saturday afternoon, March 25, 1911, in New York City a fire skint out on the top floors of the Asch Building in the triplicity shirtwaist Company. One of the worst tragedies in American history it is known as the Triangle shirtwaister Fire. It was a disaster that took the lives of 146 players, most of which were women. This calamity pointed out the negatives of sweatshop conditions of the industrialization era. It emphasized the worst part of its times the humiliated wages, long hours, and insalubrious working conditions were what symbolized what sweatshops were on the whole about. These conditions were app totallying, and no person should forever be made to work in these conditions.      Sweatshops were originally set up to produce a large quantity of mostly clothing items, with low-priced labor wages for its workers. Sweatshops more often than not were cramped builds with fewer windows or fans. The people who worked in these sweat shops rarely received breaks, and would on average 10-12 hours a day, seven days a week. The leads were so unsanitary many did not have proper plumbing facilities to accommodate all those who worked there, and no way of cleaning or bandaging a emerge or wound if injured on the job. Although these were the common standards of sweatshops the Asch Building, where the Triangle Shirtwaist mill was located was a very large building, with nine floors. This building was large barely cramped due to all the workers, material and machines. each inch of viable space was used to put either a machine, material or another worker.       Sadie Frowne, a swear shop worker from New York City stated The machines go like mad all day because the faster you work the more money you get. Sometimes in my haste I get my finger caught and the needle goes right through it. It goes so quick, though, that it does not hurt much. I bin d the finger up with a piece of cotton and go on working. This was the capitulum set of most of the workers in the sweatshops. They hated their job and long hours but as long as they worked the money, as little as it whitethorn be, still came in.     Most sweat shops were employers of immigrants, men children, and women. Women were especially employed at the Triangle shirtwaist factory, because it was easy to persuade wo... ... In comparison with the Triangle Fire in 1911, the Rhode Island iniquityclub fire has a few similarities. and like sweatshops, night clubs are often times over displace and do not have enough fire exits to satisfy the overcrowding that takes place in nightclubs. Just as a miss thrown check over caused the sweatshop fire, a miss thrown match in a night club could cause the same catastrophic event. In theory the public figure of smokers in an overcrowded night club often times outnumber non smokers, which could very well cause an u nwanted fire that leads to a tragedy. BibliographyFamous Trials. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial 1911. (website).      http//www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglefire.htmlThe Triangle Factory Fire By Cornell University ILR School (website).http//www.irl.cornell.edu/trianglefire/U.S. Fire Administration/National Fire Data Center. Nightclub Fires in 2000. (PDF File).http//www.emergency-management.net/pdf/FemaResearchNightclubFires2000.pdf                         

Communications Campaign for an Aftershave Essay -- Business Management

Communications Campaign for an Afters mother I have been requested to produce a parleys campaign for myaftershave called Blizz, created by Lacoste, with a bud get of300,000. The skimpygs I need to include are an interpretation of theimportance of publicize and public traffic to a business, anexplanation of advertising media and their advantages anddisadvantages, discussion of the resolve businesses use publicrelations and the tools used in the public relations and a list of theconsists on a communication campaign.My target audience for my blizz fragrance are businessmen aged 30 andon words. T here interests are in business investments and buying fashionableexpensive goods.The Blizz fragrance will be campaigned on national idiot box and atdepartment stores such as House of Frasier, Beatties and Debenhams.Young women sledding around the store giving testers out to the publicwill air the fragrance. Im going to make my advert interestingand swish so it will appeals to the all bu siness men, the advert will enter all ranges of business men buying the Blizz fragrance form family unitof Frasier. The language in the advert will be in fashionable English andevery body will be wearing suits, the women in the advert will fall inlove with the men once they brought the fragrance. The colours used inmy advert are going to suttle and kernel catching.Research shows that advertising in mens grooming books andmagazine, the image of virility and masculinity is something verydifferent today. More attention is remunerative to the body and sensuality isconsidered and asset, not something to be hidden. Mens fashions havealso changed, becoming more colourful, varied and seductive, allfactor which beg off the boom in mens fragrances, which nowrepresents an astonishing unrivaled third of the turnover of the variousfragrance companies. The male market is here to stay and theexperimental fragrances, such as Davidoffs Cool piddle (fruity, floralnotes), and New West by ARA Ms (salty, refreshing notes) havecapitalized on this new openness in male fragrances.When I searched the web for commercialized cropion, lots of namescame up and I wasnt really reliable which to trust and which I couldnttrust. After a lot of clicking the main results, I decided to switchover to the sponsored results, which on Google appear on the decentlyside of the page in little boxes.I found that the fi... ...newspapers move a certain ware or a business.Sponsorship- sponsorship is when an organisation uses their product tosponsor someone or something for standard when ITV uses Cadburyschocolates to sponsor Coronation Street.In house magazine- this is when an organisation uses a magazine topromote their product thin in their company.Corporate image this is when an organisation sets out an image to draw and quarter a certain type of consumers for their product.Local Environment Projects- this is when the organisation promotestheir product in their local environment to squ are up what the public thinksabout their product. The reason businesses use public relations is to- Create strong community relations Be aware of on that point social responsibility Persuading customers to by there products or services Explain customers legal rights.The tools that I would use for public relations are -Press releases- I would get the press to promote my Blizz fragrance ina newspaper for example the Daily Mail.Local environment projects- I would use this project by going to themarkets and giving out free samples of my fragrance to the members ofthe public to see what they think of it.

A Child Labour Problem In India

After independence Child labour is a major problem in India. The major determinate child labour is Poverty. plain though children are paid less then adults, what ever income they take a crap is of benefit to poor families. India has the largest number of children employed than any other uncouth in the world. According to the statistics provided by the Govt. f India around 90 one thousand trillion out of 179 million children in the six to 14 age groups do not go to school and are engaged in or so occupation or other whole shebang. This means 50% of children are deprived of their right to a free and happy childhood. Unofficially, this figure exceeds 100 million but the fact that a large number of children are works without wages in field or in cottage on base their parents, unreported by census, makes it very difficult to estimate accurately.However, it is estimated that if there work children constituted a country it would be the 11th largest country in the world. A large nu mber of children work in a cottage industries, matches, firecrackers, bidis, brassware, diamond, aluminum industries, glass, hosiery, hand loomed cloth, embroidery, leather goods, plastic bangles, mica mines, coal mines, hotels, ricksha puller, local liquor industry, auto shop, vegetable shop Brick in and white goods.The highest numbers of children are found in agricultural sector. Poverty has a lot been cited as the reason for child labour problem in India slice it is true that the poorest, most disadvantaged sector of Indian Society provide the vast majority of child labourers, child labour actually creates an perpetuates pauperisation as it displaces adults from their jobs and also condemns the child to a life of unskilled soberly paid work.

Systematic Approach to Managing Ohs

MODULE 1 SYTEMATIC APPROACH TO MANAGING OHS ASSESSMENT Module 1 PROJECT 1 Write a detailed report on the capital punishment of a systematic snuggle to managing OHS. Your report might be theoretical or based on your item fetchplace. En incontestable that you intromit the following ?Requirements for record- elapseing ?Sources of OHS information and entropy ?Consultative arrangements ?OHS action protrudes ?OHS specialists (internal or external) and technical foul advisors ? Other utilitarian beas ?Proposed changes to the workplace Stakeholders Construction Australia is the gild that I am employed by. Our company offers services in refractory inst anyation to all major industries. We argon readd in the construction and maintenance of boilers, kilns, ovens, incinerators, etcetera in power generation plants, heat treatment plants, chemical plants, leaf blade mills, oil refineries and many more. We conduct high risk work much(prenominal) as demolition, confined space entry , workings at heights, and work at extreme temperatures mainly in major hazard facilities.Due to the nature of our work it is vital that we have a system in place to handle Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). A systematic approach to managing OHS allows us to follow a structured framework that ensures primarily, we reduce the risks of injury or illness in the workplace or anyone affected by our activities and that we combine with all pertinent laws and mandate. The main elements of an Occupational Health and natural rubber worry system (OHSMS) ar Commitment and polity Planning Implementation criterion and evaluation Review and improvement These elements ar incorporated into the system and involve consultation at all stages with stakeholders and tell personnel of our memorial tablet. The basis of this approach is a cycle of continuous improvement as illustrated below in fig. 1 When establishing a more systematic approach to managing refuge, it is helpful to say where your organisation is in terms of OHS maturity. Four levels of system maturity fecal matter be considered Immature (Troubled) Reactive (Responsive) Attentive (Managed) Mature (Value-Adding) Our company is at a mature level as we have established structures, systems and processes in place. We to a fault have a sh ard belief that OHS is a overcritical aspect of personal and organisational performance and focus continually on improvement and ways to reduce risks. An effective OHSMS requires the participation of all parts of the organisation. To get this commitment from people, senior direction takes an active role in leadership, storage allocation of resources, consultative opposeings and regular reviews of OHS.The first step in the systematic approach to OHS is to develop a comprehensive OHS policy that states the overall objectives and sets out the companys commitment to health and safety. The policy should be sufficiently kick the bucket and be capable of being read by all re levant parties, internal and external. The policy should be endorsed by the most senior person, such as the CEO or managing director. Beroas OHS policy is attached to concomitant A. Action plans are a vital part of the planning and implementation process.The organisation needs to determine the key regulatory requirements they must meet and also get an sympathizeing of their major OHS risks and how they go forth be identified. Objectives, targets and key performance indicators (KPIs) need to be set. These should incorporate both lead (e. g. turn of events of safety audits conducted) and lag (e. g. number of lost time injuries) indicators. Lead indicators are commonly referred to as Positive Performance Indicators (PPIs) that focus on assessing how productive an organisation is performing.Using a combination of both lead and lag indicators allow for provide the best outcomes. A plan is vital to ensure targets are reached in a systematic way and it should be linked to the organis ations strategic plan. The plan should allocate resources and timelines and can be apply to monitor victimization of the OHSMS. Appendix B is a Beroa action plan that we have in place. It outlines the systems that we pulmonary tuberculosis to ensure that we are compliant with legislation and we are fulfilling the objectives of our OHS policy.We use policies and procedures, inductions, meetings, toolbox meetings, consultation, pre-start checks and regular teach and development to get all our processes. Our enter policies for hazard identification and hazard/risk assessment, shape sure that we remain regulatory compliant through our business activities. mention with workplace personnel, OHS professionals, insurers and another(prenominal) relevant group is undertaken to ensure that we develop a safe workplace and mentality. We aim to translate legislation into a diction that can be comprehended at all levels.This allows people to understand and participate with feeling unsure or confused. Beroa has an open door policy on all aspects especially OHS. Consultation is the best tool that we use in our workplace. The changing nature of our working conditions on a continuous basis means that we need to know what is going on so we can make sure that we remain compliant and that our systems are working appropriately. Our consultation procedure (Appendix C) acts as an information highway between management and employees, so that if any changes are required they can be made, documented and then implemented into the system.We use the consultation processes with all stakeholders that are heterogeneous in our OHSMS, these include but are not limited to wariness Administration Clients Employees Suppliers Unions Work cover and other relevant authorities Insurers state-supported OHS and technical experts All information gathered from stakeholders is considered and used in the development of our systems, policies and procedures. The applied procedures that our compan y has in place allow us to everlastingly monitor and evaluate our performance.Daily toolbox discussions, nurture, weekly meetings, management meetings, safety audits and safety checklists (Appendix D) are some of the tools we use to monitor and evaluate. Major policies are reviewed every 2-3 years or as required. The nature of our work requires that we retain specific records for specified times in order to comply with legislation. These include hold in space entry- we retain entry permits for 1 month, risk assessments/JSA for 5 years, training records for the term of employees employment plus 7 years and any notifiable incidents for 2 years after the incident occurs.Health monitoring records- these must be kept for 30 years after they are recorded and 40 years for asbestos related documents. These records must be kept confidential. Hazardous chemicals register- we keep registers of any chemicals that are stored. We list them and keep material safety data sheets, which are quick available to employees or anybody that could be affected by the chemical. We have two methods of record keeping, hard copy and electronic. All documents are kept on both. Within the electronic system we have a sub-system called Timberline.This system is passcode protected and has restricted access all personal inside information and personal health records are kept in this system for confidentiality. Our OHS coach-and-four has access along with relevant management. Project files for each client are kept and updated after completion of each project. Documents included include attention sheets, JSAs, toolbox meetings, materials and equipment, inductions, training, client feedback, performance reports, safety audits and observations. Employee records such as inductions and qualifications are also kept and updated when needed.We also keep lists of OHS safety representatives and are readily accessible and up to date. OHS affects all aspects of an organisation. An effective OHS system allows other functional areas to thrive and exploit the benefits. The reduction and elimination of work place injuries will reduce the cost of workers comp premiums, limit sick days and reduce the bullion spent on rehabilitation, all this eases the strain of budgeting systems and also allows more resources for training and information of OHS.Public relations will find it easier representing our positive results in safety and compliance to existing and future clients, public and relevant authorities. It will also reduce the workload of administration allowing them time to work on other aspects of the business. Our OHS system allows our employees to take an active role in all aspects in relation to the system. This gives them a sense of ownership and the drive to make sure that we reach and outperform our goals and objectives.

All the reasons not to eat at Mcdonalds Essay

Almost every American has probably at one date or an early(a) dischargeen at one of McDonalds many restaurants or they put one across at least heard of the mega fast diet chain. For decades, Americans have screwed their array of menu items. Recently, people have been looking deeper and deeper into if McDonalds is rattling a healthy restaurant to play out at. I propose that customers who enjoy McDonalds nutriment should no extended consume it because it can raise you obese, the portions are way too big, and the nutrient at McDonalds is often phony.To start off, people all(prenominal) over the world that like the McDonalds should not eat at the familiar restaurant because it could lead to somber free weight line of works. Hopefully, people who eat at McDonalds will move in it is not doing them any good. Studies show that those who frequently eat at McDonalds deducted 10 pounds more than those who did so less often, and were more than twice as likely to develop an ins ulin disorder linked to diabetes.Clearly, fast fodder eaters could gain more pounds especially if the provenders that are high in fat, like the sustenance served at McDonalds. Therefore, if you do not want to get fat, I exponent steer clear from McDonalds. The second reason as to why you should not eat at McDonalds is because the portions are becoming larger. As the years progresses, the portions at McDonalds are get larger and bigger veritable(a) though you might not even realize it. The problem is that people tend to eat or drink whats in face up of them.We also significantly underestimate how many calories we consume. But even when consumers try to do right by their diets by choosing a small-scale or medium of something at a fast- provender chain, they may be getting more than they expect. Basically, this is teaching us that it is okay to eat what is in front of us, even if there is a lot. Last but not least, the food that they serve at McDonalds is not authentic becau se of all of the purposeless additives that they have added just for the taste.I believe that there is definitely a difference between real food and fake food. Real food is savory and in some cases it melts in your mouth, while fake food doesnt even taste and the texture is similar to plastic. People be ofttimes better than fake food and that is the kind of stuff that you are consuming when you eat McDonalds. I do not know roughly you but a sausage burrito containing 50 different ingredients including milk, egg, wheat, corn syrup, and a range of chemicals and preservative agents does not sound very tempting to me. non only that but the hash browns are cooked with animal products and the bacon contains wheat and soy. I just do not hark back that is right. The food that people eat should have real ingredients like potatoes in hash browns, not all those fake preservatives. You would not cook a meal at topographic point with all of that extra stuff in it, so eating it at McDonalds does not make much sense to me. Much of the food at McDonalds contains extra additives. I think that we deserve much better than that. Just because of the ingredients in the food, I dont think that we should eat at McDonalds.People that take pleasure in the food at McDonalds should not eat there any longer because the risk is far too high. It can make you gain weight because of the extra calories and fats that you are consuming. The portions of the food have grown year by year and you may not even know how much food you are actually eating. Also, there are so many other restaurant alternatives that offer a much better selection of food that actually have true ingredients. So, the next time you go to eat at a restaurant even if a McDonalds is nearby, I would rethink your options.

Knowlege on Segway

The Segway Personal Transporter (PT) represents the next generation in personal mobility, offering several advancements that make the ride even much intuitive and productive than ever before. Other examples of Segway Smart Motion engineering and licensing of Segway Smart Motion technology to other third-party companies, demonstrate that Segway continues to challenge the assumptions and extend the boundaries of traditional transportation.For Consumers. You can choose between the versatile and sleek flagship model, the Segway i2 with lithium-ion batteries standard) the Segway x2, or six different fully equipped piece of lands tailored to such uses as commuting and golf. The Segway i2 is a great way to enjoy the ride magical spell commuting to work, running errands, or just traveling a petty distance where a car is more hassle than its worth. The Segway x2 brings added versatility to your world, offering hard capability in rugged off-sidewalk terrains such as trails, bike paths or beachfronts.The Segway x2 Golf package is an innovative, sport and flexible way to play around. And remember, fun is engineered into every Segway PT we variant Go to our easy to use configurator to build your own Segway PT and decide which Segway PT may be outmatch suited for you. Every Segway PT is engineered from the groundup for durability and authentic operation for old age to come, and they all come standard with a one-year limited warranty. For Businesses Businesses ecumenic have discovered the enhanced productivity and increased mobility inherent to the versatile, reliable and durable Segway i2.The Segway i2 has been developed to excel in speed, range, and maneuverability in varied environments. It comes standard with lithium-ion batteries for extended range of up to 24 miles on a single charge. Packages tailored to the needs of security and commercial customers are immediately available and an additional range of accessories can be added for true customization. pol ice and security agencies worldwide are using Segway products to patrol airports, transit stations, manufacturing facilities, obtain malls and campuses.Check out the versatile Segway i2 Police , optimized for policing needs with additional freightage and reflectivity options. For businesses operating in outdoor environments, the Segway x2 maximizes performance on several(a) off-sidewalk terrain. This rugged version of our venerable Segway PT makes tackling rough terrain a breeze. supply with standard lithium-ion batteries and low-pressure tires. The Segway Robotic Mobility Platform (RMP) takes the performance and engineering prowess show in the Segway PT and makes it available in a durable package for robotics applications.

Job Characteristic Model Foreclosure and Collections Department Essay

trouble Characteristic Model Foreclosure and Collections DepartmentIntroductionForeclosure and Collections            The position of a Foreclosure and solicitation within the bank of United States is increasingly demanding. As a requirement, my dwell entails me to develop skills and talents, which reacts to a high coordination strategy that responds to the elementary needs and routine. As a result, my skills variety impacted on the on the activities of establishing, guiding, encouraging, engaging and tackling tiny clerical and administrative responsibilities.            Significantly, my roles influence other workers positively, in that my intervention encourages workers to be involved rapidly in the project rather than concentrate on an individual unit. For that reason, it is possible to complete the whole piece of work from the head start to the end. It is possible to respond to these requirements since the squad examines nee ds of the customer in the lead commencing on a given activity.            Given the operative nature of the job, it is possible to respond to requirements of the department since the team is involved psychologically at the process. Mentally, the team is make to understand the significance of each stage of the activity. To achieve that, the overall deputation of the organization is broken down to ensure that the team gets first-hand needs of the organization, before commencing on the job.            Further, autonomy enables employees to pursue milestone in a apologize but objected zone. Analyst, designers, researchers, and marketers are empowered by autonomous decision to severally choose what is to be performed. Hence, my role is to steer independent operation. I am, therefore, oblige to decide on how to time the performance.            Lastly, the feedback characteristic enables me to determine the feedbac k mechanism that allows my team to have more information about the effectiveness of their performance. My role is to take a modality units in communication, using the organization ERP system. To enhance my motivation potential, I will be required to communicate with different team players on the way forward when it comes to making critical decisions. I will motivate and influence team players by requesting job progress daily. This way, I will carry them I am part of the teamReferencesJuricek, J. (2014). Agile Project heed Principles. Lecture Notes on Software Engineering, 172-175.Source document

Critical analysis of marketing ethics- corporate social responsibility Essay

IntroductionEthical conduct of selling activities is essential for any stern telephone circuit in the current globalized seam environs. The issue of incarnate societal function has been a ch onlyenge to numerous managers and en think bear upon to do so in case proper mechanisms and policies atomic number 18 non put in place and implemented.The report gives an analysis of CSR perpetrates and subsequently provides arguments in favour of the practice and those that do non. Long consideration perspective in carrying surface CSR has been stressed. Sustain sufficient CSR practices ensure that the business remains relevant in the languish run, performs better and the needs of the community and environment argon addressed. The matchs of CSR dimensions on the market placeing ruffle schema adopted by the libertine dumbfound also been dealt with. The trounce undertake to CSR has been suggested and recommendation is that the approach which gos well with the finiss of the soaked essential be adopted. The blue-chip political party tackled in this report is Nike. motif summaryIt has been observed that marketing ethics still is a bailiwick attracting vigorous debate among scholars and business practitioners. Currently, there is a integrated kind responsibility movement that has been incited by a number of catalytic forces. How ever, these forces thrust CSR in the current business stripeup piddle been propelled by sound shifts exhibited in the relationship of the market, individual and the state. Core drivers in CSR excite been the ever-gro cajoleg expectations from stakeholders, the ever shrinking role played by the state in businesses, levels of responsibility macrocosm put on supply stoves, and the adding pressure emanating from sh beholders (Amaeshi, et al., 2006, pp.4,17, 25).See more(prenominal)(prenominal) how to write an analysisStudies that withdraw been conducted indicate that the current public is more sensitive to CSR a nd thus expects much from businesses and it is therefore coming up with groups much(prenominal)(prenominal) as consumers, activists, community, employees, and sh arholders so as to see to it that they are heard by corporal decision-makers. CSR could be fascinateed as the continuous commitment of businesses to act in a manner that is respect sufficient and subsequently contribute to the economic using of society tour trying to improve the life quality of its men and their families and that of the local community.The caller-up becomes obliged to become sensitive to the demands of all stakeholders. It must(prenominal) be stated clearly that CSR does not imply monetary hand- bulges in form of grants or donations (McWilliams & angstrom unitere Siegel, 2000, pp.603-609). This is a myopic view of CSR that has oft led to the vague argument that the business of a business entity is to do business and thus not to be concerned with issues going on in the society. This has often pit ted CSR against profitability thus arguing that CSR programs get out deter a unassailable from achieving its profitability goals. Long term views on CSR and profitability however indicate that a firm practicing CSR programs performs better than those which do not. The firm chosen for the report is Nike which deals in sports footwear and apparels.Analysis detailed Analysis of Arguments for and Against Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)Friedman (2008, pp.32-33) notes that CSR is deemed to be a in truth comprehensive package of solemn practices and programs guided by policies which are all integrated into the trading operations of a business entity, supply chains, and its decision make processes in the whole firm and this spins across current and past actions and the encroachment that the operations take on future welfare of business, society and environment in general. In this regard, CSR issues are related to community investment, governance, business ethics, humane rights , market and working environment (Li & adenosine monophosphate Su, 2007, pp.237-256). This eliminates the myopic view of CSR as simple charity and therefore calls upon the firm to incorporate fully the impact of its operations on stakeholders as well as the environment at the point of decision-making.Managers must thus juggle with a delicate resi receivable that exists between the stakeholder needs, company needs to make profits and perform better, and be able to adequately reward shareholder. The argument rated for new corporate leaders is that of profit optimization being the key to success as opposed to profit maximization thus carrying a serious paradigm shift in terms of accountability to the firms shareholders to the social responsibility towards customers and other stakeholders in society (Chapple & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Moon, 2005, pp.415-441). inclined the current hawkish international marketing, ethics have been singled out as playing a pivotal role since busin esses have realized that they are discussion human take to bes as well as beliefs. straines have largely spread across geographic boundaries and the current marketers are approach with cross-cultural issues that they must deal with. Multinationals that did not notice this responsibility much(prenominal) as McDonald and Nestle ended up facing serious safe problems in their marketing activities going as far as acquiring themselves in suits that cost them millions of dollars (Li & Su, 2007, pp.237-256).Bansal & Roth, (2000, pp.717736) think that those who support CSR activities bring in very interesting arguments. They hold that CSR practices do enhance the firm and its brand sign due to the good report that CSR brings on board. Companies that do CSR programs effectively have also been found to slow attract honourable sensitive employees and their retention levels are high beca employment of the satisfaction and motivational levels that such employees do record. Such firms do report high growth range in terms of market share and are able to easily attract new investors in their business ventures (McWilliams & Siegel, 2000, pp.603-609). Furthermore, firms with working CSR programs have experienced lower costs of operations and are thus able to report high net profit margins.These arguments for CSR practices are support by the logic that a firm that is socially responsible does care roughly its customers, suppliers, employees, society, local community, and the environment as a whole. It thus becomes an approach by which a firm does take in the wide impact that its business operations have on the society and its development and in essence ends up supporting the firm in pursuit of its business success and that it has to actively handle the social, environmental, economic, and human rights issues. This calls for sustainable development as well as good levels of corporate governance (Roux, 2007, pp.23-25).Chambers, et al., (2003, pp.112-119) ar gue that normative arguments do recognize the needs for CSR are mainly pillared on instrumental rationales or ethical, and those that are against CSR practices are based on shoes rights perspectives or institutional functions. In this regard, ethicists do argue that companies are obliged to act or behave in a manner that is socially responsible since that is something that is chastely correct. Extremists in instrumental rationales would still support CSR programs even when they pose unfertile outcomes for the firm.The stand is based on the rational calculation which presupposes that CSR practices will in the long run benefit the firm in question (Sun, 2010, pp.45-47). This is enshrined in the organizational legitimization philosophy which poses that by showing responsibility, a firm will be able to proactively avert and anticipate regulations of the government, make good use of opportunities that arise from the increased cultural, sexual, and environmental awareness, differentia te its products and services from those of its competitors who are not proactive, and would continue to benefit from privilege pursuits of economics (Mahon, 2002, pp.415-445). It assumes that the firm has a licit obligation to make maximized economic advantages that do accrue to its owners.The need for firms to shelter their CSR practices is also presented since firms will not make supernormal profits from the CSR initiatives due to the entry of other firms (Visser, et al., 2008, pp.67-69).Visser, et al., (2008, pp.67-69) are of the view that the case against CSR is supported by the institutional function concept and that of property rights. This argument poses that the best vehicles for CSR are the governments, civil and religious organizations, and labour unions. They further argue that business managers do not have the necessary skills and clock time required to carry out CSR policies. They also hold that a business sector that is empowered should not be held responsible for i ts actions since it is not a governmental body that is in place through electoral processes. Thus, allowing businesses to carry out CSR practices is seen as being dangerous since this does allocates huge amounts of authority to the firms without exercising accountability (Chaudhri & Wang, 2007, pp.232247).The property rights argument is rooted in neoclassical capitalism and its simplicity resonates with more scholars, especially those in finance. The position is that management reserves no right to carry out anything apart from that which increases the value of stockholders. Actions contrary to this are a violation of legal, moral and fiduciary responsibilities endowed to management (Visser, et al., 2008, pp.67-69). This is also supported by the competitive disadvantage theory which holds that CSR actions will impose a price on the company thus posing a competitive disadvantage when compared to other firms that are not practicing it. However, this is still viewed by some as a n arrow view based on brusk term needs for profitability (Garriga & Mele, 2004, pp.51-74).How Different Dimensions of CSR Might mend the Marketing Mix of NIKEThere are a number of CSR dimensions that are tackled by a firm which is ethically responsible in its marketing meld and these include the bodily environment, social, consumer, supply chain, and employee relations. The concept of marketing mix in this context is viewed as a theorized as well as structured personal manner of effectively delivering and communicating product and service means to consumers in the market (Waddell, 2000, pp.323345). The impacts posed by the CSR dimensions are based on the belief that the reputation of the company is quite vital to holding and maintaining a competitive position within the marketing place and in doing business successfully. The chart for CSR dimensions has been given in the appendix at the end of this report.These ethical issues if not well-addressed could create serious problem s with consumers and make the marketing mix in place irrelevant. The marketing mix would include such things are product, price, place, promotion, physical evidence and people which are areas of marketing strategy application (Bhattacharya, et al., 2011, pp.56-58).The goal of business and marketing has been said to be profit maximization in a lawful manner. The behaviour portrayed in the marketplace must be ethical and ensure that there are societal benefits. The dimensions of CSR have been cognise to advance the corporate image, create and increase motivation as well as loyalty of both employees and consumers. A company which does not ensure employee development and proper compensation is likely to neglect competitive advantage and this in turn affects the success of the marketing mix strategy employed by the firm such as Nike. When employees, who also ca-ca marketers, are empowered and well-developed, they enhance the performance of a company such as Nike.The environmental impa ct on businesses is huge (Secchi, 2007, pp.347-373). Companies that are known not to consider the impact their activities have on the environment lose out in the long run. The way the firm formulates its marketing mix strategy to resonate with the environmental needs will affect its long term viability. Such issues as use of green energy in its operations, use of biodegradable materials in advertisements, use of technology to safeguard the environment, and simplification of carbon emissions through carbon footprint measures could heavily impact on the success of its marketing mix. Ethically sensitive consumers will shun extraneous from Nike if they find out that the company hold poor reputation on environmental issues (Peteraf, 1993, pp.179-191).Consumers on the other hand demand for quality products at competitive prices and the safety of these products must be guaranteed. A firm which does not take hid of these demands risks being thrown out of the market as consumers would avoi d its products making its marketing mix strategies irrelevant. This is where the concept of consumer related marketing finds relevancy since current consumers usually recognises CSR brands and end up supporting them (Covin & Miles, 1999, pp.47-63). precondition the fact that Nike operates in the society and not in virtual settings, it is all important(p) that the social welfare of the local community be put into experimental condition in order to win trust, respect and loyalty, factors that enhance brand image and reputation. This also gives the company insurance in the society it operates in. it is hard to market a product of a company that does not have good brand image, has a ruined reputation and the society does not trust it or exhibits near zero loyalty levels (Baum & Wally, 2003, pp.1107-1129).Supply chain dimension in CSR for Nike must be considered since supply chains have been singled out as being at the core of business operations. The business in question such as Nike must be able to streamline its supply chain to resonate with the CSR demands. Marketing mix strategies that are employed in supply chains that are effectively handling CSR programs such as green logistics and green supplies have been found to resonate well with the consumers since the consumer is placed at the centre of these supply chains (Covin & Miles, 1999, pp.47-63).The Most Appropriate CSR Approaches to AdoptNumerous approaches to CSR have been proposed by many scholars and businesses. However, they are all defined by the size and resources bases controlled by organizations and the goals to be arrive atd in engaging in CSR. These approaches are initiatives based on community, getting into philanthropic activities, and developing business plans which build affectionate shared values.The company could adopt two approaches to the practice of CSR in the market. The first one should be coming up with community based initiatives where it supports organizations, events, a s well as programs within the local community it operates in as this could pose strong affirmatory impacts in the long run. This could subsequently create a positive brand recognition which resonates well with the community (Barney & Arikan, 2001, pp.67-78). This strategy should be done in combination with the approach of shared value. This shared value approach is a CSR initiative that focuses on building a set of shared values which do recognize the fact that long term success of the business as well as achieving a equilibrise social system are two concepts that are interdependent to each other.This approach is enshrined in the belief that for a business to thrive, the community in which it operates in must be healthy, educated, and governed in the most appropriate way possible (Lopez, et al., 2007, pp.285300). In this regard, factoring in formal investments in areas of education, social well-fare, healthcare, and civil society when coming up with strategic business plans is the best avenue in creating opportunities that enhance and build social value while ensuring long term growth for the firm. Whichever approach a firm such as Nike adopts the most important consideration should be that it has to offer sustainability, win goodwill from the society, and ensure that the company meets its goals. Sustainable CSR practices work to ensure that the company avoid short term focus and looks towards profit optimization in the long run (Banerjee, et al., 2008, pp.51-79).Conclusion and RecommendationsConsidering the current global marketing environment, serious changes have occurred when compared to what it was decades ago. In this regard, it is imperative that firms adopt CSR practices that are sustainable. Indeed there are those who argue for CSR practices by firms and those that argue against these practices as has been established in the analysis. However, differences in opinion happen to emanate due to the aspect of time difference (Agle, et al., 1999, pp.50 7-525). Companies that focus on short term gains from CSR will be frustrated since this cannot be easily achieved. On the other hand, firms that seek to practice long term CSR programs that are sustainable have been reported to achieve high performance levels and have managed to justify their participation in CSR to their shareholders.In a nutshell, a serious company in todays globalized market cannot assume the need for sustainable CSR policies that it should effectively carry out (Waddell, 2000, pp.323345). The various dimensions of CSR such as environment, social, consumer, supply chains, and employee relations have been seen to pose serious impacts on the marketing mix strategies adopted by the firm such as Nike. Finally, it is recommended that all approaches to CSR must be considered and the best approach or a combination that fits the goals of the company be chosen as has been indicated above.ReferencesAgle BR, Mitchell RK & Sonnenfeld JA (1999). Who matters to CEOs? An inv estigation of stakeholder attributes and salience, corporate performance, and CEO values. The Academy Manage. J. 42(5) 507-525.Amaeshi, K, Adi, B, Ogbechie, C & Amao, O. (2006) Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria Western Mimicry or Indigenous Influences?. No. 39-2006, ICCSR Research Paper series ISSN 1479 5124, The University of Nottingham, pp. 4,17, 25Banerjee BS (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Crit. Soc., 34(1) 51-79.Bansal, P. & Roth, R. (2000). Why Companies Go Green A model of Ecological Responsiveness. The Academy of focus ledger 43 (4) 717736Barney, J.B. & Arikan, A.M. (2001). The resource-based view Origins and implications.  In M.A. Hitt, Freeman, R.E., and Harrison, J.S. (Eds.), The Blackwell Handbook of strategic Management. Blackwell Publishers  Ltd. Malden, MA, 67-78Baum JR & Wally S (2003). Strategic decision speed and firm performance. Strateg. Manage. J. 24 1107-1129Bhattacharya, CB, Sankar Sen &a mp Korschun D., (2011) Leveraging Corporate Social Responsibility The Stakeholder Route to Business and Social Value, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.Chambers, E., Chapple, W., Moon, J., & Sullivan, M. (2003). CSR in Asia A seven country conceive of CSR website reporting. International Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility, Nottingham University, UK. Research Paper Series No. 09-2003, 112-119Chapple, W., & Moon, J. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility in Asia A seven-country submit of CSR web site reporting. Business & Society, 44, 415-441Chaudhri V. & Wang J (2007). Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility on the Internet A Case Study of the Top 100 Information Technology Companies in India. Manag. Commun. Q., 21(2) 232247Covin, J.G. & Miles, M.P. (1999) Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23 47-63Friedman, (2008) The social responsibility of business in to increase its pro fits. New York quantify Magazines, 13 Sept., 32-33Garriga, E. & Mele, D. (2004) Corporate social responsibility theories Mapping and territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53, 51-74Li, J. & Su C., (2007) How face influences consumption A comparative news report of American and Chinese consumers, International Journal of Market Research 492, pp.237-256.Lopez, M., Garcia, A., & Rodriguez, L. (2007). Sustainable development and corporate performance A study based on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Journal of Business Ethics, 75, 285300Mahon JF (2002). Corporate reputation a research agenda using strategy and stakeholder literature. Bus. Soc. 41 415-445McWilliams, A., & Siegel D. (2000) Corporate social responsibility and financial performance Correlation or misspecification? Strategic Management Journal, 21 (5) 603-609Peteraf, M.A. (1993), The cornerstones of competitive advantage A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 179-191Roux, M. (2007). Climate conducive to corporate action 1 All-round Country Edition. The Australian. Canberra, A.C.T.Secchi, D. (2007). Utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9, 4, 347-373.Sun, W. (2010), How to Govern Corporations So They Serve the macrocosm Good A Theory of Corporate Governance Emergence, New York Edwin Mellen, ISBN 978-0-7734-3863-7Visser, W., D. Matten, M. Pohl, & Tolhurst N. (eds.) (2008). The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-72395-1Waddell, S. (2000). New institutions for the practice of corporate citizenship Historical Intersectoral, and Developmental Perspectives. Business and Society Review 105 323345 

Declining Portable Water Essay

Water of life. This is a famous Christianity word that reflects how important irrigate is to our life. As we know, most potable weewee comes from the river, thus making river the main sources of potable wet supply. However planetary warming is getting more and more serious nowadays make a global rise in temperature and melt the ices at caboodles peak. In the book Pillar of Sand by Sandra Postel, Postel says that study Asias rivers like Ganges, Indus and Yellow river depends on the puffpack mountains for their flow. Despite that, the rises in temperature has causes the snow to melt faster and an profit in rainfall, changeing up the river especially during dry season. Even the famous Andes, Rockies and Alps rivers is said to soon face this business which mean there pass on be a worldwide urine shortage should these rivers dry up. Therefore, this essay will talk about what will happen when there is a worsening in potable water. spheric water pollution caused by sewerag e and animal waste has resulted in overdose of nutrients and sediments in rivers, lakes and sea.(Tasha Eichenseher, March 2010)This causes eutrophication which is a situation where algae ontogenesis increases resulted in lack of oxygen in the river. That eventually decreases the values of the rivers, lakes and esturaries for recreation, fishing, chase and aesthetic enjoyment. In addition to that, health problems can occur where eutrophic set interferes with deglutition water treatment. To sum it up, water pollution caused by sewage and animal waste is the root of the decline in drinkable water as it pollutes the rivers and excessively the treated water. In addition to the above, polluted water is also said to be the causes of diseases. According to the World Health Organization, up to half of humanity has one of the six main diseases dissolution, schistosomiasis, trachoma, infestation with ascaris, dago worm, or hookworm at any time because of poor drinking water and inadequ ate sanitation. This shows that lack of safe drinking water, as water are polluted, can causes various dangerous spreadable diseases which can endangered our life.For example, it is predicted by Amin Zakaria in his column in The Star on July 9, 2008, that in 2009, diarrhea death toll will be like four big jets of children crashing every day. Therefore, it is not exaggerating to say that human waste is the ultimate artillery unit of mass destruction as lack of adequate sanitation in usable water for more than a third of the Earths population is one of the biggest scandals in the last 50 years. This lack of dissipated water situation is further worsen when there is a decline in clean water. According to Tan Ee-Beng on 2008 in the environmental Health Perspectives, of a population of roughly 6.1 meg, more than 1 jillion lack access to potable water. His statement is further proven when a report from UNESCO on 2009 says that China currently has less than an estimated 49 billion cub ic meters of renewable water resources when in the decades before 2000, this country owns an just of about 66 billion cubic meters of renewable water resources.In conclusion, knowing that there is a decline in clean water, the ruff way is to combat this issue soonest possible. Government should also urges the world to save water by increasing the water bill aft(prenominal) the usual 50 liters usage. In addition to that, government should also increase the capacity of the water reservoir in the country. For example the current Selangor water issue between Peter Chin and Selangor state Government should be resolve soonest possible so that Langat 2 can be built and provide water for people of Selangor till 2025. We as citizen should also play a part by not wasting these peculiar water as to lessen the need to treat the water to be use again.

Office Space

Office space, a critically acclaimed film, although it may seem like this was a comically movie, it tells a much deeper story. Peter Giffins goes to drub every day and really hates what he does until a hypnotist brakes the cycle of mundane and boring eld . This movie sheds like on the stereo type of cubical America, in the 90s. My analysis will focus on emotional competency the stock brought on to Peter and how he effectively dealt with it, identicalness gayagement, listening responses, colloquy climate, and conflict management styles that take place in this movie.Peter has quite the identity management crises over the course of the movie. Identity management (page 445) is the communication strategies the great unwashed use to influence how others view them. Peter does this by changing his actions from when he is at work and when he is at home. When peter is at work he acts like a happy employee, plainly when he is at home all he can do is complain close work and think about work. He sluice at i point in the move told the hypnotist Every day is welt then the last. That doesnt sound like a man who loves his job.Peter also manages his identity by using nonverbal communications At one point in the movie, mail service space, peter uses his hands to state a strong gesture of hate as he pretends to bump off up his office building. The main actor peter also uses pile of facile expressions to also help drive his hate in. Nonverbal communications do not even occupy to be gestures they can be as simple, as his knob, Lumberghs not making eye match when he talks to his employees, or the way he stands when talking to petter.Peter meets a lovely waitress, in the move, Joanna, who is played by Jennifer Anderson. Joannas boss communicates with her by using his, language illustrate concerns by using vague terms, abstractions and constructively. He does this by asking her about only having 16 pieces of flair. The token(prenominal) requirement for her job, at C hotckeys, as a waitress is 16 but the over achiever waiter has 36 pieces of flair. Her boss crush about the bush and basically states Brian has 36 pieces of flair. He could guard used more than sincere language and just asked her to put more flair on. Peters boss, Lumbergh, shows poor listening responses by not even flavor a peter when he is talking to him. Lumbergh also does not even respond correctly to the rebuttals from peter about the cover letters. Peter told his boss at one point in the movie, office space, I already have the cover sheet, right here. Lumbergh responds by saying Ill have a copy sent to you. Lumberghs shows a complete slue for what peter told him.Our book states(page 237) that mindless listing, occurs when we react to others messages automatically and routinely, without much intellectual investment. Lumberghs responses atomic number 18 all mindless responses thought out the movie, office space. In the movie office space the communication between manag ers and employees are disconfirming by the simple fact that no one lesions to some(prenominal) one or knows any one, one example of this is when another employee doesnt even know the peters friends names when she hands back the mail.

Essay on The Department of Homeland security Essay

The Department of fatherland certificate (DHS) was established by this actuate of parliament Homeland bail trifle of 2002. It was created to consolidate the US administrator branch agencies linked to the auspices of the homeland, into a one cabinet department. It resulted into alliance of 22 agencies into one new and autonomous department. After the investigations of 9/11, the republican government under the presidency of George W. Bush came up with measures to solve the shortcomings of field security. Within a fort night after the terrorist attacks, George W. Bush proclaimed the formation of the office of Homeland security developed to protect US territories from terrorist attacks and offer efficient and effective emergency and intelligence response to authorisation future natural disasters.The President signed Executive Order 13228 on October 8, 2001 setting up this office with the mission of developing and coordinating the execution of instrument of a detailed national s ecurity strategy to prevent the coupled States from suffering another terrorist attacks The U.S. PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct act of act of terrorism) is the most important equityfulness passed after the 9/11 attack. It is so essential because of the fact that it improves inter-agency cooperation for the order of battle of intelligence andits sharing. This barrier being broken down has contributed to a very large extent the protection of the US. Additionally, it appreciates the fact that the advent of technologyensures that our laws be updated and has encouraged better prosecution of suspected terrorists. Lastly, it has strengthened the existing act of terrorism legislations, reflecting some specific situations that did not exactly exist previously.These are the things that coif the PATRIOT Act a great addition to law enforcement. The Homeland Security Act is the other important piece of leg islation. The most spanking element was the fact that the multi-crisis management agencies were clustered under one curb structure and then given the mandate to work with law enforcement agencies with a nation-wide outlook, as specified in section 101 of the Homeland Security Act (2002). The Homeland Security prexyial directives are powers exercised by the president to form a de facto order. While the general vision for homeland security is firmly etched with the Executive branch, the more the details that will slip by to the legislative branch. In the period after 9/11, several winder legislations were passed. The most important being the U.S. PATRIOT Act, and the Homeland Security Act of 2002. Executive Orders have for a long sequence been a proficiency for a President to de facto come up with a law & antiophthalmic factor further give the details on powers of the Executive branch.The 1st presidential proclamation issued because of an internal issue was the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus by President Lincoln in 1861. This influential order would pave the direction for subsequent Presidential actions with regard to terrorists, enemy combatants and saboteurs. The DHS was put under the leaders of Mr. Tom Ridge. Boarder-line security, antiterrorism, disaster preparedness, Immigration, response and recovery are some of the happen upon areas DHS influences. The Department of Homeland Security brought in 22 law enforcement, security and intelligence agencies under one command. Immigration issues are core to the US internal security.In 2003, therefore the department took up the Immigration and naturalization Service automatically assuming its duties. This action led to the separation of the do and information functions into 2 distinct agencies Citizenship and Immigration and Immigration and Custom Enforcement services. coupled States. Homeland security strategy and policy from 2004 until now is marked by the establishment of strategiesformulat ed correct deficiencies on the general security position of the country. In total 5 new strategies were developed, they are1.The Strategy for Homeland defence force and Civil Support, June 20052.The National Strategy for Maritime Security, September 20053.The National intelligence service Strategy, October 20054.The National Counterintelligence Strategy, March 20075.The National Strategy for Aviation Security, March 2007 (2010) individually strategy lists objectives that can weigh the effectiveness of the purpose of existing weaknesses in each distinctivearea. As these are strategies, they have to beimplemented with success over the background signal of the past 3 years. Two other bills were passed into law in this time period The Intelligence Community and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism barroom Act of 2004 (IRTPA) and The Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act. The IRPTA matured into a law on December 17, 2004. Most of the recommendations made by the 9/11 Commissi on were included into this law, dropping the head of the Intelligence Community (IC) from the film director of Central Intelligence (DCI) to the Director of National Intelligence. The National Counter Terrorism Center was founded. As a foundation for a counter terrorism activities, it brings together all intelligence gathered on terrorist activities & serves as a cleaning house for these matters. As one entity, it has made momentous contributions to the successful defense of the nation.

Police Response to Domestic Violence Essay

In 2005, the Bureau of legal expert Statistics worked that 1,181 females were killed by an advise assistant. That meat e actu whollyyday, 3 women argon killed as a all the samet of municipal rage. These overwhelming statistics overly state that proscribed of all the women polish off in the linked States, one divulge of three of the murders be the direct result of an intimate disunitener. municipalated helpated ferocity is a pattern of abusive behavior that includes whether sexual, ablaze or physi chaty, that is imposed by a sortner in an intimate race. This has been a major problem in the united States and for decades national help fury continues to increase.We acknowledge that home(prenominal) rage continues to be an epidemic on the rise. concord to Eve S. Buzawa and Carl G. Buzawa, reform of patrol action in home(prenominal) enrapture cases has been a recurrent theme for twenty years (Dunham & axerophthol Albert, 2010, pg.137). Unfortunately, t he traditional practice of legal philosophy force reply involving national violence scandalizes sleek over seems to propose precedent. equity enforcement maintains their reactive go on by means of over ope siteing interventions, screening out screams or sustaining the attitude that national violence is non a real detestation.Nevertheless, the contend regarding the inadequacy of presence and concern for house servantated violence dupes goes beyond the stereotypical occasions why legality enforcement do not take a more proactive approach. The reasons may include personal attitudes, leave out of prep atomic number 18dness or even revere. However, when domestic cases request minorities, constabulary enforcement has been known to be fall suspiciously bias. Nonetheless, domestic violence is not that limited tomale and female kinds. Homosexuals are too involved in domestic violence disputes as well and incumbents particularly avoid intervention in these cases even more than heterosexual bloods.In this report, we pass on explore the different characteristics involving law of nature responses to domestic violence, the reasons why law enforcement hesitate in their response, and the different statistics involving intervention in heterosexual, homo and minority households.Avoiding InterventionWe occupy hold by means of galore(postnominal) texts and the experience of our fissure officers that practice of law work is a very(prenominal) mundane profession. The highlights we visualize on telly presentations are roughly(prenominal)ly for entertainment purposes. In reality, legal philosophy work consists of domestic violence interventions, which also includes cases of drug abuse. Unfortunately, police interventions in domestic violence cases still leave out a proactive response.Although today Domestic Violence intervention still ask to be revised in bump off augurs of servicing more productive, it was not until the wee 197 0s when making an arrest for felonies without a warrant were not legal (Doak, 2010, pg. 150). besides fourteen of those states allowed the same protocol for misdemeanors and since enthral and battery is a misdemeanor, victims were forced to work up their own criminal charges, which resulted in lack of arrests and lack of making a report (Doak, 2010, pg. 150). Fortunately since 2006, new legislature has authorize warrant less probable take for misdemeanor arrests in all states concerning domestic violence cases (Doak, 2010, pg. 150) but law enforcement continues to show a lack of enthusiasm in making arrests. fit in to authors, Roger G. Dunham and Geoffrey P. Albert, thither are several reasons concerning the reluctance to respond to domestic violence calls. The common edit outs that involve law enforcements lack of intervention include organisational impediments, lack of training, fear of injury and most importantly police attitudes. Domestic violence is misdemeanor, so in res ult police officers dont think of this assault as a real crime. They avoid making arrest as to leave off that domestic violence is a scourge of time. Its common for police response to a domestic violence business office to lack enthusiasm or hold out making an appearance at all.However, fear is also an imperative reason that causes law enforcement to hesitate in the involvement of domestic violence cases. Until recently, police officers werent cognisant of the proper protocol in intervention domestic violence cases. excessively, in homoy cases the victim can also turn out to be the aggressor when an officer attempts to make an arrest. This can be a convincing discouragerent in lack of police response. The most important reason I would like to discuss is police attitudes towards domestic violence cases and victims. The reasons I think of above are all characteristics that endure to the lack of involvement however the soulfulness attitude of the officer starts much vehe mence on their actions.Victim StatisticsApproximately 1.3 one thousand thousand women are physically assaulted by an intimate partner annually in the United States. In a 19951996 study conducted through the fifty states including the District of Columbia, it was found that approximately 25% of women were raped and/or physically assaulted by a current or former partner, cohabiting partner, or dating/ protagonist at some time in their lifetime (American Bar Association, 2010). According to the U.S. department of referee, between 1998 and 2002, of the virtually 3.5 million crimes perpetrate against family members, almost half of these were crimes against spouses. Eighty-four of those spouse abuse victims were females. In 2001, intimate partner violence make up 20% of all nonfatal violent crime experience by women. In 2000, 1,247 women were killed by their intimate partner (American Bar Association, 2010). twain years ago my best comrade was a part of these overwhelming statistic s. For just approximately three years she found herself in a very abusive relationship with her then boy booster rocket who is now the gravel of her three-year-old child. The late night calls I authoritative kept me on edge because I just continued to worry when I was divergence to get that fatal call that my best friend was dead. There were numerous attempts of escape but like most of these women, love can sometimes be a curse. Fortunately, my friend was able to split up away from her maltreater. Unfortunately, turning to the statistics I mentioned above, all are not so lucky.Although going through that experience with my best friend was one of the hardest things in my life, knowing that there were numerous attempts to seek help from law enforcement to totally be ignored furious me more. As I discussed before, police officers are not concerned with victims of domestic violence. At least thats what m some(prenominal) victims differentiate including my best friend. Victims a re not taken seriously because the misdemeanor crime is not taken seriously. Regardless of your race, being a victim of an intimate partner relationship continues to get the back seat. Studies have shown that sealed characteristics do play a remarkable part of how a police officer forget act to an individual call for service. In cases of domestic violence police attitudes towards women, different races, and even sexual mouthful has played a detailed part between making arrests and telling an abuser to just take a toss and cool off.Victim CharacteristicsOne in three women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime say Kathy Doherty, an executive director of an association named in the midst of Friends (Chaney, K., 2008). It is very disturbing to be assured of these statistics and still lack the support from law enforcement to take the matters seriously. Its even more unsettling to know that your race will play a significant role in how a police officer will exercise h is/her own discretion.In studies I have read, theorists believe that when we evaluate the relationship between domestic violence victims and police response, institutional racism becomes a end point widely used to define the relationship. According to the Macpherson Reports definitioninstitutional Racism consists of the collective failure of an physical composition to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their color, culture or ethnical origin. It can be seen or notice in processes, attitudes and behavior which amount to diversity through unwitting prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness, and racist stereotyping which disfavour minority ethnic people (Belur, J., 2008, pg. 428).According to Amanda L. Robinson and Megham S. Chandek, authors of Differential Police Response to pitch blackness Battered Women, stated not besides are colourful women . . . handicapped on account of their sex, but they are almost everywhere baffled and mocked because of their race. Not solely because they are women, but because they are colored women (Chandek, M. S., & Robinson, A. L., (2000), pg. 30). Institutionalized racism is the very plague that has made police responses to domestic violence calls for service ineffective. Minority ethic women have not been treated clean involving many accounts including sexism and racism. Today, gender and ethnic backgrounds are reasons for their complaints to be handled differently. According to reports made by the National Crime using Survey and the FBI (homicide reports), dusky females experienced domestic violence at a rate 35% higher than that of white females, and about 22 times the rate of women of different races (Newton, C.J. 2009).Minority Women are not the only class that suffers from discrimination when evaluating proactive police response. The LGBT community has also been a victim of sexism when seeking assistance from law enforcement in domestic violence cases. Take this sheath from the article, Stonewalled Police subvert and Misconduct Against Lesbian, human and Transgender People in the U.S.A human being Philippine man was reportedly vanquish on several occasions by his partner, a white U.S. citizen, who was reportedly given to drugs and alcohol. When police responded to one altercation, they reportedly arrested the Filipino man and threatened to report him to immigration authorities, saying Youre not a citizen. We should deport you, you shouldnt be bang Americans youre not an American. The Filipino man was sentenced to 52 weeks of batterers intervention in court (Amnesty global USA, 2010)This type of shabbiness is unacceptable especially in a place where our Victims Rights and Human Rights are say to protect us. Ethnic backgrounds, gender or sex should never play a significant role in how a police officer calculatees a call for service in a domestic violence case or any case. Institutional Racism mustiness be abolished from our practices of handling violent victims cases regardless of certain characteristics of the victim.Changes for ReformLuckily, we as a nation have come forward to not only address the problems involving police response in domestic violence cases but to also levy a solution. There have been committees and neighborly groups, such as Battered Women Advocates, who have helped to spread the awareness of domestic violence. Also the Minneapolis Domestic Violence experiment (1981-1982) has also played a significant part in finding a out-of-the-way(prenominal) more effective way to deter future violence than merely breakup of the parties or officer mediation (Dunham R. G. & Albert, G. P, (2010), pg. 147).Although assaults and batteries are misdemeanors, provoking public engross in the issue can place unlimited pressures on our criminal jurist system. Law enforcement agencies have developed plans and in-service trainings to make officers responding to domestic violence cases more sluttish and aware of their o ptions. Training also leads to a decrease of fear of injury when go up volatile situations. The most prominent federal official response happened in 1994, when the Violence Against Women impress was passed to help the fight to stop violence against women.ConclusionLaw enforcement plays a brisk role in our criminal judge system. Although police officers are just mending citizens in provide, we still hold them to a higher standard compared to the general public. We must understand that this country as a hold must work together to stop violence against women (or men) and the assistance of the numerous law enforcement agencies is more than needed. This report was intentional to shine a light on the many issues surrounding calls for service in domestic violence cases. Its not to suggest that all police officers are racist, sexist or homo-phobic. However, we must pose on top of the issue to burst achieve in the success of stop institutional racist attitudes. It will evermore s tart with that individual who is behind the uniform that is responding to a call. To continue to generate give-and-take will only make the issue of domestic violence involving police interaction an issue of the past.ReferencesAmerican Bar Association. (2010). missionary post of DomesticViolence. Retrieved May 16, 2010, from http//new.abanet.org/domesticviolence/Pages/Statistics.aspxAmnesty International USA. (2010). Stonewalled Police Abuse andMisconduct Against Lesbian, homophile and Transgender People in the U.S. Retrieved May 16, 2010, from http//www.amnestyusa.org/lgbt-human-rights/stonewalled-a-report/police-response/page.do?id=1106617Belur, Jyoti. (2008). Is policing domestic violenceinstitutionally racist? A case study of south Asiatic Women. Policing and Society, Volume 18, Issue 4, pg. 426-444.Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2009). Prison Statistics.Retrieved October 27, 2009, fromhttp//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/prisons.htmChaney, K. (2008). Domestic Violence hits Black Wom en Harder.Chicago Defender Online.Doak, M.J. (2007). Domestic Violence, Law Enforcement, and CourtResponses to Domestic Violence. Child Abuse and Domestic Violence, 147-165.Dunham, R. G., & Albert, G. P. (2010). Critical Issues inPolicing. Illinois. Waveland Press.Newton, C, J. (2009). Domestic Violence An Overview. RetrievedMay 16, 2010, from http//www.findcounseling.com/journal/domestic-violence/domestic-violence-statistics.htmlRobinson, A. L., & Chandek, M. S. (2000). Differential Police

BioPharma Case Study Essay

BioPharma pull up stakes Questions1. How should BioPharma have used its production interlocking in 2009? Should any of the founds have been idled? What is the yearbook personify of your proposal, including import duties? This solution was obtained exploitation the tables displayed below. Note that Germany and japan produced none of the slow cut down product and that side of their institutes has been idled. The annual appeal of this solution is$24.85 positive pane Cost ( zillions)$1,268.31 substance deed Cost (millions)$195.15 descend Tariffs (millions)$1,488,315,983TOTAL damageHighcal Production whole kitLatin the StatesEuropeAsia w/o lacquer lacquerMexicoU.S.brazil nut7001.2300Germany0150000India0053.7700.35Japan000200Mexico0000312.65U.S.000005Total71557318 decompress Production workingsLatin AmericaEuropeAsia w/o JapanJapanMexicoU.S. brazil7002.7700Germany000000India00.6535.2300Japan000000Mexico011.350030U.S.0000017Total71238317Total Plant OutputPlantTotalBrazil18Ger many15India18Japan2Mexico30U.S.222. How should Phil structure his world(prenominal) production vane? Assume that the past is a level-headed indicator of the future in wrong of exchange rates.Phil should note that the Dollar and peso have been getting killed by the Euro, hearty and the Yen the last three years. all over the five year period, the net exercise has not been a disaster, and recognition of cable cycles would suggest that it would be wise to prevent capacitor and capabilities throughout the entire reappearance kitchen stove so that production tail be diverted as currencies travel against to each one other.3. Is there any plant for which it may be worth adding a million kilograms of additional capacity at a fixed cost of $3 million per year?It doesnt be this improves the solution shown in question 1. The plants that ar at capacity in part 1 are Brazil, India, Mexico, and the U.S. adding a million kilograms of capacity to those plants does not result in a lo wer overall cost for the entire supply chain.4. How are your recommendations affect by the decrease of duties?A reduction in duties to 0% across the jury results in the following costs$38.25Total Transportation Cost (millions)$1,325.40Total Production Cost (millions)$0.00Total Tariffs (millions)$1,363,650,824TOTAL COSTThe solution matrix is far little(prenominal) sparse virtually every food market receives imports from every other market with the excommunication of Mexico and Asiawithout Japan. Production increases in Germany and Japan at the expense of India, Mexico, and the U.S.Highcal ProductionPlantLatin AmericaEuropeAsia w/o JapanJapanMexicoU.S.Brazil1.202.280.621.200.004.90Germany1.522.901.231.520.952.98India1.122.50.831.120.552.58Japan0.531.910.250.530.001.99Mexico1.522.901.231.520.952.98U.S.1.122.500.831.120.552.58Total71557318Relax ProductionPlantLatin AmericaEuropeAsia w/o JapanJapanMexicoU.S.Brazil1.201.480.001.480.003.65Germany1.522.460.951.660.953.03India1.122.060 .551.260.552.63Japan0.531.470.000.670.002.04Mexico1.522.460.951.660.953.03U.S.1.122.060.551.260.552.63Total71238317Total Plant OutputPlantTotalBrazil18.00Germany21.67India16.87Japan9.93Mexico21.67U.S.16.875. The analysis has assumed that each plant has a100 percent yield (percent take of acceptable quality). How would you modify your analysis to grievance for yield differences across plants?To adjust for yields less than 100%, the capacity of each plant could beadjusted down by the loss percentage. Another approach would be to leave capacity as say but adjust the amount shipped down by the scrap percentage.6. What other factors should be accounted for when making your recommendations?This global supply chain is exposed to a variety of risks as enumerated below. Supply chain decisions should be do after careful assessment of the likeliness of these events and the effectiveness of possible mitigation plans. Disruptions disasters, war, terrorism, sedulousness disputesDelays inf lexibility or poor yield of supply, insufficient supply Systems IS breakdown, system integration issuesForecast inaccurate forecasting bright property vertical integration and global sourcing Procurement exchange rate movement, industry-wide capacity issues Receivables number and financial strength of customers chronicle rate of obsolescence, holding costs, uncertainty of contain Capacity cost and flexibility of capacit

Othello Essay

The floor of Shakespe atomic number 18s Othello is driven by the skillfully interwoven ele workforcets of doubt, speculation and posturing that be present and intensified passim. Though the stage is filled with sympathetic characters, Iago and Roderigo being the tho two whose intentions are known to the discoverence as malicious, each character is unequivoc ally flawed and the trickwright makes this apparent in nevertheless so the most pedestrian exchanges.  As the focal point of the plots manipulation of its well-intended characters and the unseen catalyst of the indignation rising among friends and lovers with no straightforward trespasses toward one another, Iago is brilliant at exploiting such(prenominal) imperfection.  Iago uses the highly charged convergence of scat and versedity to act upon his own jealousies. biting upon the marriage of Desdemona and Othello, a military hacek promoted above Iago, the villain would deceive all parties to induce Othello toward the jealous murder of his crimp wife.  The dramatic resolution is underscored by the continuous tense discussion engaged by Shakespeare on flow and sex in Jacobean England.In the opening scene, when Iago demands Brabantios attendance to his daughters deflowering, he instantly inducts the audience into a key tenet of the world which the characters inhabit.  Depicting to his advantage a circumstance in which some constellation of violation has occurred, Iago tells Brabantio that Your heart is burst, you have bemused half your soul / Even now, now, really now, an old black ram / is tupping your livid ewe. (1.1, 85-87)  This is the first recognition of the theme of race, with Othellos Moresque ethnicity inciting hostility from Iago.  His jealous and delusory ancient, Iago uses this characterization to draw a eminence between Othellos informal intercourse with Desdemona as opposed to that of a uncontaminating man.A theme that would be explored b y dint ofout the work, this is a demonstration of the lascivious sexual character which society attributed to blacks.  More a means of differentiation than reality, Iago uses it in this consideration to inspire indignation from Brabantio over the viciousness of his daughters purity.  The base harm in which he chooses here to retrace Othellos relationship with Desdemona are fact mood of the attitude which pervades the order of men through the plays five Acts regarding race, sexual activity and the kinetic of power amongst all three.  And it is as well telling to the sight of the play itself that Iagos racism provides the first set of look through which we are allowed to observe notwithstandingts and individuals.  As one critic notes of the conflict in the play, we find out what it is for the first magazine only through Iagos violently eroticizing and racilalizing report to Brabantio. (Adelman, 25)  This helps to manipulate events right ahead the audien ces eyes. Such a dynamic is further reinforced by Brabantios responseFathers, from hence self-assurance not your daughters minds By what you see them act.  Is in that respect not charmsBy which the property of jejuneness and maidhood May be maltreated? (1.1, 168-170).Here, Brabantio looks to address the audience, admonishing them of the guile which even young women are capable of.  It is unclear at this early juncture of the play whether it is Shakespeares intention to voice his estimate of the female mystique or whether he is commencement to establish what would flourish into a fledged lampoon of the vulnerabilities which men suffer to their women.  In the case of Brabantio, it is at least palpable that he recognizes his susceptibility to manipulation, and that the soft and disarmament charms of his beautiful daughter had clouded him of his judgment.This is a recurrent theme throughout the play.  Shakespeare straddles an obfuscating field of o peration through the narrative that divides the audience in its perception of his views on sexuality and race relations.  Wi grammet assigning blame to one gender more than the other, he sharply assails twain men and women for their vagaries in lust and envy.  The look in Othello is an unending cycle of uncertainty and resentment.  In the authors universe, the tame and delicate exterior of woman plays good on the resolution to justice which embodies his men.  For some(prenominal) sexes, this sets off a destructive type of deception and misperception. The insertion of race into this dynamic creates something of the explosive situation which Iago exploits.Brabantio in picky is a character who is peculiarly incapable of protecting himself from the manipulative ends of those most him.  It is possibly of some central importance to the play that much of his consternation and confusion centers around his skewed perspective on sexuality, which he typically ch aracterizes as an act of indispensable transgression.  Proving himself most permeable to Iagos suggestions, which wisely prey on the Senators sexual complex, Brabantio is equally be to view men as capable of deception.  Hurling an commission at Othello over the violation of his daughter, Brabantio quickly shifts from a misogynistic mode to one of democratic mistrustDamned as thou art, thou hast enchanted herFor Ill refer me to all things of horse sense,If she in chains of head game were not bound,Whether a maid so tender, fair, and happy,So opposite to marriage that she shunnedThe wealth, curled darlings of our nation,Would ever have, tincur a general mock,Run from her guardage to the sooty tickerOf such a thing as thou. (1.3, 63-70)Beyond another explicitly racial sentiment which Brabantio expresses here, at that place is a obscure set of views on gender, gender roles and the nourish system which he uses to contextualize the relationship between men and women.&n bsp His emphasis here on Desdemonas rejection of men with great affluence, put and reputation, especially in favor of the Moorish Othello, as justification for his scurrilous accusations is ground not on a sense of who his daughter is, who Othello is or necessarily even the role that race plays in the matter.  More, Brabantio is inclined to an understanding of gender relations which centers on the material rule of society.  In this way, his perspective represents a conservative conception of how the sexes and races are intended to interact.  As another small perspective denotes, Othello is one play, moreover, that intermixes the differences of race and sexuality as the specters of performance. (Murray, 93)This is to say that the provocative questions there associated are pitched about with a remarkable candor in a play composed in 1622.  Ultimately, even as Othello becomes an aggressor and his own scald enemy, Shakespeare evades the easy connotations of race and sexuality that seem to be at the basis of Iagos deceit, weaving instead a deep nuanced outlook on a very complex subject.

Management Robert Owen and Richard Branson

Intoduction It is said that focus principles john be t bucket alongd back as far as 5000 years, which has provided necessitateable amount of time to toss off and develop these principles into efficient and self-made ideologies. finished come go forth history, charge dress has evolved thanks to a number of pi hotshoters who consume veered a agency from the norm to revolutionise views on what it means to be a good and efficacious motorbus. both Robert Owen and Richard Branson can be seen as frontrunners of their time, playing feats in the realm of management that nobody before them would take a leak d ard to give way blush considered.Robert_Owen? Robert Owen was born in Newtown in Wales, unite Kingdom. During his life he managed to improve well- cosmos, direction and rights of the operative class. His driving ambition to take a crap a part rules of order make him a victorious manufacturer and an authoritative broach of Modern Management. ?The well-nigh cardina l experiment for the happiness of the valet race that has yet been instituted in some(prenominal) image of the world1 Owen, 1801 started when Robert Owen bought the New Lanark mill about in 1801.Under his management the New Lanark became a model community which was driving towards prosperity and making progress through the new-sprung(prenominal) technology. He was considered a kind man, who hard-boiled his employees very well. Owen spiritedlighted the importance of raising he believed that k instantlyledge is a useful expertness that could release executioning class clawren from ache and poverty. Thus New Lanark was the number 1 buns in the world that had an Infant School. This exclusivelyowed parents to keep open on courseing and created the opportunity for wider commandment provision, including compensateing classes for hunt downers.He in addition introduced better running(a) conditions for children children under ten were non eachowed to work in the villa ge and no children were allowed to work for longer than 10 hours a daytime. save he raised the minimum net for child labour, raised advantage for adults, decreased working hours and provided all the employees with free medical examination make out. Robert Owen always kept proper product line records these included daily and weekly bankers billment of productivity, output and stocks. A novel proficiency was used to control the employees multicolour pieces of wood hung beside every(prenominal)(prenominal) worker.Each color indicated the previous days lineament of work. Everyone around was able to see this measure of employees surgery, this piece of wood works as a good motivator towards whole tone performance, as large number did not requirement to be embarrassed by everyone creation able to see that they had worked to a inadequate standard. ?Even though Robert Owen had no evening gown university pedagogics his progressive moral views and entrepreneurial skills made his contribution to the modern management theory inestimable. ?? What ideas individuals may attach to the terminal figure Millennium I know not but I know that society may be formed so as to exist without crime, without poverty, with health greatly improved, with piddling, if both(prenominal) misery, and with intelligence and happiness change magnitude a hundredfold and no breastwork whatsoever intervenes at this moment shut out ignorance to prevent such a show of society from becoming universal. 2Owen, 1816 Sir Richard Branson Sir Richard Branson was born in Blackheath, London in 1950.He studied at Stowe tutor and throughout his childhood struggled with dyslexia, and failed to do well at school, but by the age of 16, after dropping out of school, and a few failed plan of attacks at change Christmas trees and budgerigars, he had already taken his first steps to becoming a advantageful pioneer when he launched a clipping called Student 3Ahmed, 2011, which ran artic les about prominent politicians, celebrated rock stars and variant celebrities of the time.This turned out to just be the start of a fortunate entrepreneurial career, and he has now founded Virgin Group Ltd. which consists of more than than than cd companies, ranging from airlines to mobile visit networks, employing over 50,000 muckle. Having started as a teenager, struggling to find his way into the production line world, he is now price about three billion pounds sterling, and is one of the some outstanding innovators in the world. contempt being renowned for promoting an extremely calm working environment, Richard Branson is a follower of F.W. Taylor, who pro be the scientific Management surmisal, which attempts to increase economic efficiency and productivity in the work organize by applying a scientific member to management, and Sir Richard Branson is know to apply some of Taylors scientific Management theories to his own style. Taylor was also known to reward staff with higher wages based on results, as an attempt to boost motivation, which Branson has also exercised by salaried and rewarding employees based on performance and their ability to show signs of creative thinking. Anon Sir Richard Branson implements a style of a hypothesis Y manger in Douglas McGregors theory5 McGregor, 1960 which states that in that location are two types of motorbus speculation X styled music director- Believes that the average employee dis equivalents works and merely works because they have to earn money, then they need to be threatened with punishments in order to be motivated, and directed strictly, without any room for delegated responsibility.A Theory X styled manager believes that money is most important to the employee. Theory Y styled manager (Sir Richard Branson)- Believes that employees are more motivated when they have more self-renunciation and can apply their own skills and creativity in the workplace. States that most employees wan t to do well and self-actualisation what motivates them, as oppose to monetary gain. Taylor, 2013 Richard Branson believes that by creating a relaxed working environment, and by trusting his managers and employees with responsibility, that his staff will accordingly be enjoy their work, work better as a team, and thereof be more motivated as they will be achieving the Self-Actualisation direct and Social level on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, and therefore enhance the performance of the workforce, and resultantly the performance of Virgin.In the development of his management thinking, Virgin Group Ltd created a primevalised website which endeavoured to link up all of the Virgin Group companies, and created a central hub, as previously they worked separately, so he therefore attempting to promote teamwork and build human relationships within the firm, allowing employees to communicate and information to be pooled and collected. Comparison and Contrast between Owen and Branson di sdain being from entirely different eras, Owen and Branson exudate many similar qualities most notably in that they both believe that the refer to success lies in the treatment of their employees. Having a face-to-faceity of caring about people is important. You cant be a good leader unless you generally like people. That is how you bring out the best in them. 7Branson, 2011 It is clear that both men care greatly for their employees Branson gives all employees his personal phone number, so that should they have any problems they can contract him directly, rather than having to go through Human Resources. Many managers would not divulge with this and would rather their employees suffer in silence. Branson also claims to attempt to respond to as any emails as he can every day, Recalling a time when he was just jump out and needed advice, he tries to respond to as many reader emails as he can. 8 . Branson, 2011 Branson claims People dont renounce their jobs through lack of pay t hey bury because they arent valued. Many companies leave people in boxes encourage them to be all- master(prenominal)s(prenominal) and innovative. 9 Branson, 2011 Owen exhibited his consideration for his employees in a very different way, but with the alike aim of achieving employee happiness.Having to work in a grocery shop himself from the age of 8, Owen pull in the harm of child labour and seeked to exclude it in his later life. In 1815 he persuaded supporters in parliament to put preliminary a bill on child labour. While this bill did not have as much success as Owen hoped, as many mill owners fought against the proposition, Owen was an instigant in up the lives of child workers. He also improved welfare standards for of age(p) workers, shortening working hours and increasing wages. cardinal hours daily labour is enough for any human being, and under proper ar orbital cavityments adapted to afford an ample supply of food, snip and shelter, or the necessaries and comfo rts of life, and for the remainder of his time, every person is entitled to education, recreation and residuum. 10Owen, 1833 Branson and Owens methods of achieving employee happiness were highly influenced by the times they were working in. In Owens time, most working conditions were poor and wages were low, so simply by improving these factors employees would instantly become happier.In the current day there is a huge range of jobs with all ranges of wages, and many regulations in place to ensure employee welfare. Therefore, to appeal to his employees, Branson realised that a more personal approach was necessary, thereof allowing his employees to contact him directly. Companies are a quite a little larger these days than in the primaeval 19th Century when Owen was working, so being able to have a personal relationship with the head of a order is much rarer in this day and age. twain pioneers determine the most effective way of attaining comfort from their employees in the e nvironment they were living in. Both Branson and Owen were pioneers of their time, achieving what many believed impossible. Despite leaving school at the age of 16 and being diagnosed with Dyslexia, Branson has risen preceding(prenominal) the odds and is accountable for starting over 400 companies, most famous for establishing Virgin, which ranges from record shops to airlines.No other manager in history has been at the maneuver of such a large business empire, and before Branson, it is doubtable that anyone would have thought it possible. Owen, on the other hand, was more of a pioneer in the domain of welfare than the extensiveness of his company, providing above and beyond what would be expected of a manager of his time, from nurseries to children to evening classes for adults. While, at the time, most managers would see these initiatives as an unnecessary expense, Owens cotton mills became very successful businesses with healthy, content employees.Quite possibly, were it not f or Owen identifying how much success can come to a manager who treats his employees well, Branson may not have realised the importance of having such good relationships with his employees which could be seen as the key to his success. One of the main personal line of credits between Richard Branson and Robert Owen are their views on education. Owen believed that education was one of the most important factors in a company the better the education of the employees, the better employees they are. To train and educate the upgrade generation will at all times be the first design of society, to which every other will be subordinate. 11Owen, 1826 Owen provided schooling for employees and their children, putting childrens education ahead of their contribution to his company. Branson, on the other hand left school himself at 16 and hasnt discovered back. Richard Branson, forefather and chairman of London-based Virgin Group, didnt grab through school. In fact, school was something of a nightmare for him. His scores on standardise tests were dismal, initially pointing to a similar future.Despite the difficulties and challenges posed by his acknowledged dyslexia, his gifted social and business talents drove him to succeed. 12Anon In contrast to Owens beliefs, Branson is proof that education is not necessarily an important factor in success. Furthermore, Richard Branson believes that work should not be a chore and should be variation. You want to have fun at home wherefore shouldnt you have fun at work13Branson, 2011. Owen also considered leisure and recreation important. He arranged concerts and dancing evenings for the benefit of community.However, even though both pioneers think of fun as an important part of working life, Robert Owen used a stricter approach to management and was a strong believer in discipline, for example by keeping master of employees behaviour by the aforementioned multicolored pieces of wood and disciplining those who repeatedly showed low performance. To conclude, Branson and Owen are and were strong pioneers of their time, who shared many values. Managers could fall upon ample from both men, especially when it comes to employee relationships.In general, it is inbred that modern day managers consider how successful pioneers such as Owen and Branson apply and practise management theory, as it shows the outcome of different particular methods and techniques, in this pairs case high levels of success. For example, Douglas McGregor stated that he believed that a Theory Y manager would be more successful at motivating their employees than a Theory X, and Sir Richard Branson was almost certainly a Theory Y manager, so a modern manager can consider whether the method that pioneer practised was positively effective or not.President Gordon B. Hinckley taught It is good to look to the past to gain appreciation for the infix and perspective for the future. It is good to look upon the virtues of those who have gone befor e, to gain strength for any(prenominal) lies ahead. It is good to reflect upon the work of those who toilsome so hard and gained so little in this world, but out of whose dreams and previous(predicate) plans, so well nurtured, has come a great harvest of which we are the beneficiaries Ensign, 1984. 14